Towards A Multilingual Termontological Resource of Competencybased Job Descriptions for SMEs

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Towards A Multilingual Termontological Resource
of Competency-based Job Descriptions for SMEs
Koen Kerremans Peter De Baer Rita Temmerman
Centrum voor Vaktaal en Communicatie
(CVC)Department of Applied LinguisticsErasmusho
geschool Brussel
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Purposes of this presentation

• General purpose
• To present a project (PoCeHRMOM), funded by
  IWT- TETRA, which will support SMEs in setting up
  competency-based job profiles.
• Competencies?
• Competency management?
• Specific purpose
• How do we account in the Termontography approach
  for terminological variation in job titles and
  competencies?
• Terminological variation?
• Termontography approach?

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Outline

• Specifications
• Competencies
• Competency management
• Terminological variation
• Termontography approach
• The PoCeHRMOM project
• Brief introduction
• Problem definition
• Architecture
• Workflow
• Structuring terminology (variation)
• Examples
• Purpose
• Resource current results
• Conclusion (further steps)

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Specifications

• Competencies (several interpretations)
• 1. Organisational competencies unique factors
  that make an organisation competitive 2.
  Job/role competencies things an individual must
  demonstrate to be effective in a job, role,
  function, task, or duty, an organisational level,
  or in the entire organisation. 3. Personal
  competencies aspects of an individual that
  imply a level of skill, achievement, or output.
  Byham, W.C. (1996). Developing
  dimension-/competency-based human resource
  systems, Development Dimensions International. In
  Cook, Kevin W. and Bernthal, Paul (1998),
  Job/role competency practices survey report,
  Development Dimensions International.

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Specifications

• Competencies (scope in PoCeHRMOM)
• knowledge, skills and attitudes a person should
  have in order to efficiently perform a particular
  job, role or function within a particular
  organisation (company)
• Competency management
• Maintaining an overview of the competencies that
  are present inside an organisation.
• It allows companies to better react to market
  changes
• Companies will have objective criteria to
  evaluate personnel

activities, products, services
Individual competencies
Acquired competencies
training
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Specifications

• Terminological variation
• A variant of a term is an utterance which is
  semantically and conceptually related to an
  original term (Daille 2005182).
• Utterance an attested form encountered in a text
  (e.g. a job title in a job profile or job offer)
• Original term an authorised term either listed
  in a thesaurus or in a terminological resource
• Semantically related a variant could be a
  synonym of an authorised term or reflect a
  semantic distance
• Conceptually related a variant could refer to
  another term linked to the authorised term by a
  conceptual link
• Daille, B. (2005). Variations and
  application-oriented terminology engineering. In
  Terminology 111 (2005), 181-197.

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Specifications

• Termontography
• a terminological approach in which theories and
  methods of the sociocognitive terminological
  analysis (Temmerman 2000) are combined with
  methods in ontology engineering (e.g. Sure and
  Studer 2003).
• In the approach, (multilingual) terminological
  knowledge, retrieved from texts, is structured
  according to a categorisation framework
• Cf. Antonio Morenos ideas on terminology
  management the object domain or subject field
  must be conceptually structured prior to entering
  language-specific terms (http//webdeptos.uma.es/
  filifa/personal/amoreno/ontoterm/home.htm)

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Specifications
Search phase (3)
(mono- or multilingual) domain-specific corpus
first version of termontological database
Ontology
Dictionary
Refinement phase (4)
(mono- or multilingual) termontological database
Information gathering phase (2)
TSR categorisation framework
Verification phase (5)
Domain- experts
Validation phase (6)
Knowledge Analysis phase (1)
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Specifications

• How do we account in the Termontography approach
  for terminological variation in job titles and
  competencies?

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Outline

• Specifications
• Competencies
• Competency management
• Terminological variation
• Termontography approach
• The PoCeHRMOM project
• Brief introduction
• Problem definition
• Architecture
• Workflow
• Structuring terminology (variation)
• Examples
• Purpose
• Resource current results
• Conclusion (further steps)

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Brief introduction
Financed by IWT-TETRA(Flemish governement)
Start 01/09/2005
End 31/08/2007
The Profile GroupAscentoLinkingCoInpetto
Jobs Careers
Synergetics
Actonomy
Competencyframework developer
Software developer
Recruitmentoffices
Job site
USERS
http//cvc.ehb.be/PoCeHRMOM/Frameset.html
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Problem definition

• Variational use of terms complicates developing a
  resource of competency-based job profiles
• Cf. the IT sector
• Reasons for variational use?
• In recent years, skills and experience have
  become more important than titles in determining
  rank and pay. Even the definitions of IT job
  titles, such as programmer, systems analyst and
  project manager, have become fuzzy (Evans
  2004).
• Dynamics of the job market
• Some observations made by Evans (2004)
• Interchangeable use of terms causes confusion
• programmer software engineer software
  developer application developer
• systems analyst programmer analyst
• The hierarchy of IT job titles is breaking down

Evans, N. (2004). The Need for an Analysis Body
of Knowledge (ABOK) - Will the Real Analyst
Please Stand Up? Proceedings of Informing
Science and Information Technology, Rockhampton,
Australia.
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Problem definition

• Examples of variations in terms denoting
  competencies
• sense of responsibility (En)
• verantwoordelijkheidsgevoel (Nl)
• verantwoordelijkheidszin (Nl)
• verantwoordelijkheidszin hebben (Nl)
• beschikken over verantwoordelijkheidsgevoel (Nl)
• etc.
• gereedschapskennis (Nl)
• kennis van arbeidsmiddelen (Nl)
• kennis van technische hulpmiddelen (Nl)
• etc.

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Problem definition
The terminological variation causes difficulties
in communication and information exchange
For instance
Job site
Intermediary
Recruitment office

SCENARIOS (e.g.)
employer job site
recruitment office job site
recruitment office employer
recruitment office candidate
Employer
Candidate
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Problem definition

• Option to standardise terminology?
• However, this is hardly achievable
• because of the dynamics of the job market
• because companies often create new terminology to
  denote very specific jobs
• Examined solution Best-of-two-worlds-approach
• We set up a categorisation framework into which
  terminological variation is allowed.

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PoCeHRMOM architecture
Ontology
Multilingual, ontological terminology base
Concept
E
F
N
E-HRMAPPLICATIONS
Job profile (E, F, N)
USER INTERFACE
Company-based multilingual, ontological
terminology resources
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PoCeHRMOM tool and workflow
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PoCeHRMOM tool and workflow
1. Set up a metamodel, based on the required
knowledge
metamodel
2. Search for general information resources
existing job profiles, classifications,
3. Extract the terminological information and
organise this into the metamodel
metamodel
4. Use the terminological resource to develop a
concept model ( formalisation)
5. Develop an application that allows users to
access and modify content
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PoCeHRMOM tool and workflow
3. Extract the terminological information and
organise this into the metamodel
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PoCeHRMOM tool and workflow
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Organising terminology examples
arithmetic
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Organising terminology examples

• Occupations
• ambachtelijke brood- en banketbakker
• chocoladebewerker
• bekister
• autobuschauffeur
• autocarchauffeur

• Competency
• kennis van rekenen
• rekenkennis
• rekenkunde

confectioner
chocolate confectioner
arithmetic
carpenter
bus driver
car driver
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Organising terminology examples
kennis van rekenenrekenkunderekenkennis
arithmetic
calculations involving adding and multiplying,
etc. numbers (Cambridge Dictionaries
Online) http//dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp
?key3952dictCALD
car driver
chocolate confectioner
carpenter
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Organising terminology examples
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Organising terminology examples

• Competency
• productkennis

• Occupations
• reisagent
• agentschapverantwoordelijke
• afdelingsverantwoordelijke textiel
• balie- en informatiebediende

travel agent
product knowledge
person in charge of a travel agency
person in charge of a textile department
information clerk
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Organising terminology examples
?
Kennis van een product
knowledge of a product
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Organising terminology examples
productkennis
Term
product knowledge
TOURISM INDUSTRY
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Person in charge of a textile department
Person in charge of a travel agency
travel agent
Concept model
textile products of the company
gastronomy
recreation
transport
trends in textile products
accomodation
tourism industry
textile industry
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Organising terminology purpose

• From the users perspective (e.g.)
• Companies need to be aware of the possible
  interpretations associated with a given
  competency
• If a list of competencies is lacking for a given
  occupation X, users can look at the
  competencies of an occupation which is closely
  related to occupation X
• If a description of a competency is lacking for a
  given occupation X, users can base themselves
  on the description of this competency for an
  occupation which is closely related to occupation
  X

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Resource current results
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Resource current results
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Outline

• Specifications
• Competencies
• Competency management
• Terminological variation
• Termontography approach
• The PoCeHRMOM project
• Brief introduction
• Problem definition
• Architecture
• Workflow
• Structuring terminology (variation)
• Examples
• Purpose
• Resource current results
• Conclusion (further steps)

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Conclusion (further steps)

• With respect to the PoCeHRMOM project
• Development and further refinement of the
  multilingual termontological resource of
  competency-based job profiles
• First release of the Profile Compiler software
• In general taking the idea of Termontography a
  step further by developing dynamic terminological
  resources i.e. the terminological content is
  adapted to the input (e.g. terms, definitions)
  from its users (cf. Wikipedia)