The relationships among functional neuroimaging single cell recording and neuropsychology

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The relationships amongfunctional
neuroimagingsingle cell recordingand
neuropsychology

• Imaging the Human Mind
• 200.312
• October 1, 2003

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Active, Necessary, Sufficient

• Neuroimaging tells you whats active or whats
  differentially active
• Lesions tell you whats necessary and whats not
  necessary
• Knowing whats not necessary, tells you what is
  sufficient
• Rarely is any one area sufficient for any
  perceptual or cognitive task.

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Single Cells and Populations

• Multiple cell types within a cortical region
• E.g. Frontal cortex (cue only, response only,
  delay only, or sustained activity)
• Individual cells are usually much more specific
  in their responses than is the average response
  across all cells in a cortical functional area
• Neuroimaging measures average over many cells
  (population response)

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So if functional neuroimaging is primarily
correlational and less specific than single cell
recording, why is it any good?

• Relationship between brain activity and human
  behavior
• Ability to study complex behaviors
• Ability to study diseases that are exclusively
  human (e.g. schizophrenia)
• Ability to study entire brain simultaneously and
  study relationships between brain areas.

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H.M.s Lesion
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Mirror drawing in H.M.
Milner (1962, 1998)
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E.P.
CON
Stefanacci et al. (2000) J Neurosci
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Navigation in Remote Spatial Maps
Teng Squire, 1999
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Old Neighborhood
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Current Neighborhood
Percent Correct
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Spatial Navigation in fMRI
Maguire et al., (1998), Science
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Odor cells
Wood et al., (1999), Nature
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Nonspatial tasks in fMRI
Stern et al., (1996), PNAS
Stark Squire (2000), J Neurosci
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Contralateral Spatial Neglect Syndrome
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Voluntary Shift gt Attentional Capture
SPL
R
Z 49
Attentional Capture gt Voluntary Shift
IPL
Z 12
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Courtney et al, Nature, 386 608-611, 1997
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Courtney et al, Nature, 386 608-611, 1997
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Selective delay-period activity for what THEN
where
Rao, Rainer, Miller (1997) Science
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What, Where, or And Delayed Recognition Task
WHAT WHERE AND
SAMPLE AND TEST STIMULI
VISUAL CONTROL STIMULUS
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Differences What vs Where