Αγία Σοφία, Θ. Γιάτρας- Χ. Κωσταράς

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?G?? S?F??

• G?????S T???O??S
• ?OS????S ???S??S

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??S?GOG?

• ? ?a?? t?? ???a? S?f?a? st?? ???sta?t????p??? ap?t
  e?e? ??a ap? ta sp??da??te?a ?a? p??
  eµß??µat??? µ??µe?a t?? ??????sµ?? ?a? t??
  ????d???a?, µe ?s???? ep????? st?? ????t???a ?a?
  t?? pa?ad?se?? t?? ??????? µ???? ?a? s?µe?a.
  ?atas?e?asµ???? t?? 6? a???a, ? ?a?? ap?te?e?
  s?µß??? t?? p??a? p?t? µe?a?e??? t?? ???a?t????
  ??t???at???a? ?a? t?? ??????????? ?st???a? t??. ?
  ?at????? t?? ???sta?t????p???? ap? t??? ???µa????
  t? 1453 s?µa?e ?a? t? t???? t?? ?e?t?????a? t??
  µ??µe??? ?? ???st?a????? ?a??, ?a? t? µetat??p?
  t?? se ?s?aµ??? t?µe???.

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???????S?

• ?? 532, µet? ap? t?? ?atast??f? t?? ?e?d?s?a???
  ???a? S?f?a? ?at? t? St?s? t?? ???a t??
  ?a???????, ? ???st???a??? a???ese st???
  µa??µat????? ?a? a???t??t??e? ????µ?? ?a? ?s?d???
  t?? a???e?s? e??? ???? ?a?? t?? ???a? S?f?a?. ??
  d?? a???t??t??e? e?p???sa? ??a p??t?t?p? ?a?
  µe?a?ep?ß??? a???te?t????? s??d??, p?? ?d???se
  st?? ?atas?e?? e??? ?a??, p?? ?µe??e ?a µe??e? ??
  t? s?µa?t???te?? ep?te??µa ??? µ??? t??
  ???st?????e?a?, a??? t?? ß??a?t???? ?a?d?µ?a? e?
  ???e?.

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??????? ?G??S S?F??S

• ??? ?a? ?????? ??????a?
• ??aµ???? t?µ?
• ???te p??e? ap? t? a????? ?d????? st?? ???
  ??????a ?a? ap? a?t?? ???e? p??te p??e? ?d?????
  st?? es?te???? ??????a, ap? t?? ?p??e? ? µesa?a
  p??? ???eta? ?a? ?e???? ? O?a?a ????. ?p? t?? ?s?
  ??????a e???a p??e?, t?e?? a?? ???t?? ?d?????
  st?? ?????? ?a?. ?? t?e?? µesa?e? e? a?t??
  ?a????ta? ?as?????? p??e? epe?d? e? a?t??
  e?s???et? ? ??t????t??a? st?? ep?s?µe? te?et??.
  ?a? ?? d?? ??????e? ?ata?aµß????? pe??p?? t? ?d??
  p??t?? t?? ?a?? µe µ???? µ???? e?s?d?? ? ?a???a?.
  ??at????e? t?? ??????a d?as????ta? p??sa?t?µata
  µe????? ?st?????? s?µas?a?. ?? p??? ?. e?a?e?t?
  ???p??a?? t?? ??????a ? O?a?a ???? p?? ap? t??
  10? a???a ?ta? ? ????a e?s?d?? st?? ?a?. ?e???
  a?t?? t?? p??p??a??? ?ta? t? ap?d?t?????
  (µ?tat?????) ?p?? ? ??t????t??a? ?at? t?? e?s?d?
  t?? ???a?e t? t??t????? ?a? f????se t? sa???.
  ???? ap? t?? ?s? ??????a e??a? ? ???a?????t??, e?
  ?? ?a? t? ???µa "?????? ???a?????t?d??" ? e?s?d??
  st?? ?p??? ?d????se ???? p??a???? t?? ?. p?e????
  (st? s??d?? ??t? p?e????).

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?????? ?a?? S??d?? t?? ???a? S?f?a? ? e?s?d??
st?? ?????? ?a?, ?p?? p??a?af?????e, ?ta? ??
t?e?? ?as?????? p??e? ?a? ?? ???, a?? t?e??
e?at????e?, t?? ?s? ??????a. ? ?????? ?a??
?????eta? se t??a ???t? (st??? ?a ???aµe s?µe?a),
t?? ?p???? t? µesa?? e??a? d?p??s??? p??t??? t??
e?at????e?. ?? es?te???? s??d?? e??a? ap??.
??sse??? pess??, ?t?st?? st????, s??d???ta?
µeta?? t??? µe ?pe??a t??a sta ?p??a ?a? f????ta?
ep?????a t??a s??ap?te???ta? ?ts? µ?a pe??µet????
ß?s? ep? t?? ?p??a? ?a? ed???e? ? te??st???
?????. ? pe??µet???? ß?s? f??e? p????? st???d???
?p? µ??f? pa?a????? ap? ta ?p??a ?a? ????????? ?
?a?? ?ata????eta? ap? t? f??. ? ??? ?atas?e??
pa???s???e? p???µat? t?? e?t?p?s? µ?a a?µ???a?
f?t?? ?a? a???te?t??????. ?a 100 a?t? pa?????a,
40 ep? t?? stef???? t?? ????? ?a? ta ?p????pa sta
?µ?????a,t?? ????e? ?a? t??? t?????? p??sd?d???
t?? e????a t?? a?a???µas?? t?? ????? ap? t??
???a??, ?? de a?t??e? t?? ????? p?? e?s?????ta?
st?? ???? d????? t?? e?t?p?s? ?a ????ta? ap? t???
???a????. Ge???? ta t??a, ta ?µ?????a ?a? ?
e?p???t???? ????? st??????ta? st??? t?sse???
pess??? ?? ????? t?? ?p???? f????ta? ?a ?????
s??de?e? µe ??t? µ???ßd? ?a? s?de??????? µ??????,
??t? p?? ep?ßeßa???e? ?a? ? ???a?t???? ?st??????
?????p??? ? ?a?sa?e??. St? de ?atas?e?? t?? ?????
????? ???s?µ?p????e? e?af??pet?e? ap? t? ??d? p??
f????? t?? ep???af? "?e????? ?????s?a? t??
???sta?t????". ???te???? ?a? ep? t?? ????f?? t??
????? fe??ta? ? µ??a? "e??s?pt???? sta????"
(??e?sµa t?? p????), p?? ??e? a?t??atasta?e? µe
t?? ?µ?s?????
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?????????????

• ?? ????d?µ?µa a??????e? t?? a???te?t????? ???µ?
  t?? t????a?a? ßas?????? ?a? s??d???e? st???e?a
  t?? p???µ?? ß??a?t???? ?a?d?µ?a?, se p??? µe????
  ???µa?a.

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??????S

• ? t??????? a?t?? ?ta? ? µe?a??te??? t??????? ep?
  sfa?????? t??????? p?? e??e ?atas?e?aste? ??? t??
  16? a???a (d??µet??? 31,87µ). ?e??µet???? t??
  ?e?d?t?µp???? a??????ta? 40 pa?????a p?? ???? t??
  d????as?? t?? f?t??, d?µ???????? t?? a?s??s? ?t?
  ? t??????? ?pe??ptata? t?? ?a??. ? t?????? ?ta?
  a????? ?aµ???te???, d??ad? de? ?ta? ?µ?sfa????
  ?a? ???? t?? µe?a??te??? ???se?? p??
  a?apt?ss??ta? de? ??te?e t? ?d?? t?? t? ß???? ?a?
  ?at???e?se µ?sa se 5 ?????a ap? t?? ?atas?e??
  t??. ?pa?as?ed??st??e ap? t?? ?s?d??? t?? ?e?te??
  ,a????? t?? p??????µe???, ? ?p???? e??e ?d?
  pe???e?, µe ????te?a t? ???t?? t??.

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SF?????? ???GO??

• ? st????? e??? t??????? se tet?????? ????
  apa?t?se p??t?p???a?? s?ed?asµ? µe t?? ???s?
  tess???? sfa?????? t???????, µ???d?? p?? de? e??e
  ?a?a???s?µ?p????e? p?t? st?? ?st???a t??
  a???te?t??????. ?a pa?a??te?a s?st?µata
  (?µ?????a, s?st?µa epe?????) ?ta? ate?est??a ?a?
  ?p?sd?p?te ????pta? p??? µ????te???? ??????. ?a
  sfa????? t?????a, sta ?p??a st????eta? ? t???????
  µetaß?ß????? ta te??st?a f??t?a t?? ????????
  ß?s?? t?? t??????? se t?sse?a st????µata

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????????S

• ?pe?d? ta st????µata, sta ?p??a ?ata?????? ta
  ß??? t?? t??????, ?p?? µetaf????ta? ap? ta
  sfa????? t?????a, ?ta? a?epa??? ??a ?a f????? t?
  ß???? t?? ?a? e??a? a???se? ?a ?p???????,
  ?atas?e??st??a? e??te????? ????d?state? (st?
  es?te???? t??? f????? ?a? ???µa??st?s?a)
  e??s??se?? (a?t???de?). ???? t?? p??t?p???a???
  s?ed?asµ??, ?? t????? p?? ??e????? ta t??a
  (t?µpa?a) e??a? t?p??et?µ???? pe?as?? µe t??
  es?te???? p??? t? ?a? ep?f??e?a t??? µe
  ap?t??esµa ?a µ?? e??a? ??at?? ap? t??
  e????s?a??µe?? pa?? µ???? ap ???. ??µ????????ta?
  ?ts? ad??spaste? es?te????? ep?f??e?e? ??a
  d?a??sµ?s? ?a? ? a?s??s? t?? pa?te???? ???e????
  st????µ?t?? ?a? t?? a?e???p???t?? t?? ?a??, p??
  ?ta? µ?a ap? t?? apa?t?se?? t?? a?t????t??a.
  ????te?a ?? a?t???de? a?t?? e??s?????a? a??µa
  pe??ss?te?? µe t?? ?pe????s? t??? ??a t??
  d?µ??????a a?t?ßa??? st?? ???se?? t?? t??????,
  ???????????ta? t?? e??te???? µ??f? t?? ?a??.

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?? ????O?

• ?ata?aµß????? t?? ???f? p??? ap? ta ???t? ?a? t??
  es???????a ?ta? p??sß?s?µa µ?s? spe???e?d??
  ?e???µ???? ep?p?d?? st?? t?sse??? ????e? t??
  ?a??. S?µe?a µ??? ? ß??e??d?t??? ????a
  ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ??a t? s??p? a?t?. ?p? ed?
  pa?a????????sa? t? Te?a ?e?t?????a ?? e??e?e??
  ?a? ? a?t????te??a. ???a??? t? ?µf???? st? ???t??
  t?? d?t???? ?pe???? s?µß????e? t? ??s? t??

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?S?????

• ????s? ?????a µet? ta p??ta e??a???a, e?a?t?a?
  t?? se?sµ?? t?? 557, ? t??µ???tat?? st? s??????
  ?a? ?atas?e??, ??a t?? ep??? t??, ????? ?at?pese
  ?a? s???t???e t?? a??da pa?? t?? ?e?? ?µß??a, t??
  ?d?? t?? ?µß??a, t? ??ß???? ?a? t?? ???a ???pe?a.
  ? a?????? t?? ?s?d????, ? ?s?d???? ? ?e?te???,
  a???aße ?a? ??t?se t?? ??? ???? p?? ?f?stata?
  µ???? s?µe?a. ??a pe????af? t?? pa?ad?deta? ap?
  t?? ?st????? ??a??a, ap? t?? ?p??a s?µpe?a??eta?
  p?? ? a?????? t?????? ?ta? µ????? e???te??? ?a?
  ?aµ???te??? ap? t?? de?te??. St?? 23
  ?e?eµß???? t?? 562 ?p? t?? ?at?????? ??t????
  te??st??a? ta de?te?a e??a???a pa???s?a t??
  ??t????t??a ?a? t?? ?a?? t?? ???sta?t????p????

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??µa???a?????? ?a? ???µa???? pe???d??

• ?at? t?? pe???d? t?? Sta???f????? ?a?
  s???e???µ??a t?? pe???d? 1204-1261, ? ?a??
  ????e ??µa???a??????? ?a? µet? t?? ???s? t??
  ???sta?t????p???? t? 1453 µetat??p??e se
  µ??s???µa???? t?µe???. ??t?? t?? pe???d??? ? ???a
  S?f?a ?p?st? te??st?e? ??µ???, ?d?a?te?a ?at? t?
  d????e?a t?? ???s?? ap? t??? F???????.

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?p?p????, ?at? t?? pe???d? t?? ???µa?????
??t???at???a? p?a?µat?p??????a? st?? ?a?
s?µa?t???? ?atast??f??, ?a??? asßest????a?
?? t??????af?e? e?a?t?a? t?? ?s?aµ???? ?e???s??
t?? ape?????s?? t?? a????p???? s?µat?? ??
ß?asf?µ?a?. ? ?a?? µe t?? sp??da?a a???te?t?????
t?? ap?t??ese p??t?p? ??a t?? ?atas?e?? d?af????
teµe???, a??µesa sta ?p??a ß??s??ta? ?a? t? ?p?e
??aµ?.
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To 1934, ? ???staf? ?eµ?? ?tat???? st? p?a?s??
t?? e?s???????sµ?? t?? ??????a? µet?t?e?e t?
?s?aµ??? t?µe??? se µ??se??. ????? t?? ?????? t??
2020 s?????se ?a ?e?t????e? ?? µ??se??, e??
??µßa?a? ???a ?a? p???t?st???? e?d???se??.
????sta, p?a?µat?p?????ta? ?a? e?d???se?? ??a t??
?p??e? ?e??????e ap? ???sµ????? ?t? de? a?µ?????
st?? s???e???µ??? ????, ?p?? ep?de??e?? µ?da?. ??
p??sp??e?e? t?? UNESCO ??a t? d??s?s? t??
??f?d?t?? t?? ?a??, s??e?????ta? µ???? ?a? s?µe?a.
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??F??O??

• ?a ??f?d?t? t?? ???a? S?f?a? e??a? ?p?ste?
  s?µa?t???? ??µ??? ?a? s?µe?a ?????ta? p??sp??e?e?
  ??a t? d??s?s? t???. St?? pa?a??t? e????e?
  fa????ta? ?ept?µ??e?e? ???sµ???? ap? a?t?.

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T??s?e?t??? ?a? ????t?st??? S?µas?a

• ?? ß??a?t???? ???µasa? t?? ???a S?f?a ?e????
  ?????s?a t?? a??a S?f?a ?a??s?? s??de?ta? µe t??
  ?st???a t?? ???a?t???, µe t?? p???t?sµ? t??
  ß??a?t??? ?a? µe t?? ß??a?t??? ?a? pa???sµ?a
  t????. St?? ?st???a s??de?ta? µe ta µe?a??te?a
  epe?s?d?a ?a? t?? pa???t??pe? t??e? t??
  µa??a????? a?t???at???a?. St?? p???t?sµ?
  s??de?ta? µe t?? µe?a??p?ep?state? p?µp??,
  st??e?? ?a? te?et?? t?? e????s?a? ?a? t?? a????.
  ?a? ??a t?? t???? a???at? µ??µe??, µe t? ?p???
  e??a????s???e ???? a???te?t?????? ???µ??, ?
  ????d???? ???µ??.??e? ap?d?d??ta? p????? f????
  ?? e??a??st???e? d???????e? ??a t?? µe???e? ???e?
  t?? a?t???at???? ?a? a????????sa? a?a??µata

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S???S?? G?? ???S ??????S

• ? ?a?? t?? ???a? t?? Te?? S?f?a? a?t??at?pt???e?
  a???ß?? t?? ?s?? ?a? t?? a???? t?? ??a? ???s?e?a?
  se ??a ta p??ata t?? a?t???at???a?, ?a???
  p???a???se ?a?µasµ? ?a? d??? st??? ep?s??pte? ?a?
  t??? ?at?????? t?? ?e?s?stat?? ???sta?t????p????.
  G?a a?t?, ????ste, t? s???e???µ??? µ??µe?? e??a?
  ?a? t? p??t? p?? ???eta? st? µ?a?? ???? ?s??
  e???µ???ta? ? a?at?????? st? ????et? a?t?
  a?t???at???a.

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?G?? S?F?? S?????

• ?a? st? s?µe???? ?at?stas? ? e????s?a t?? a??a?
  S?f?a? e??a? ??a ap? ta p?? ?p?ß??t??? ?t???a t??
  ??sµ?? ?a??? t?aß?e? t? µ?t? ?a? t? p?e?µa µa?
  st? ?p??? ????? µp?????, ?a µp??? ????? ?a
  s??????????. ?? pe??ss?te?e? ep?f??e?e? e??a?
  asßest?µ??e? a??µa. Se ??p??a s?µe?a ??e?
  afa??e?e? t? ???d?? ep?st??µa t?? asß?st?? ?a?
  fa????ta? aµ?d?? pa?ast?se?? ??f?d?t??. 

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???????????? ??????

• 15. ? ???a S?f?a, ??a a??st?????µa
  a???te?t??????. - YouTube

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??G?S

• ???a S?f?a (???sta?t????p???) ????pa?de?a
• ???? S?f?? ??? e??a? s?µe?a t? ?aµp?? µ??µe??
  p?? ßeß???se ? ???t???? Newsbomb
• p??? ? s?µas?a ?a? ? ??s? t?? ???a? S?f?a? st?
  ???a?t??? a?t???at???a ??????? ?. ?apa???????.
  ??T????? ?????? orp.gr
• ??? ?ta? ?a? p?? e??a? p???? ? ???a S?f?a µet? t?
  µetat??p? t?? se t?aµ? HuffPost Greece ???T??S
• ???a S?f?a ? ?st???a t?? ?a?? - s?µß???? t??
  ???st?a??s???? - ?? ???

? ?st???a t?? ???a-S?f??? - ?f????µa - Sa? S?µe?a
.gr
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S?S ??????S????? G?? ??? ????? S?S!!!