AIDS Disease PPT

1
AIDS
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AIDS

• The word AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno
  Deficiency Syndrome.
• This means deficiency of immune system
• Syndrome means a group of symptoms.
• Caused by Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV).
• HIV is a Retrovirus with RNA genome.
• AIDS was first reported in America (1981).
• In last 25 years, it killed over 25 million
  persons.

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AIDS
MODE OF TRANSMISSION

• Sexual contact with infected person.
• Transfusion of contaminated blood blood
  products.
• Sharing of infected needles
• From infected mother to her child through
  placenta.

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4
AIDS
MISCONCEPTIONS

• HIV does not spread by mere touch or physical
  contact. It spreads only through body fluids.
• There is a time-lag (from a few months to 5-10
  years) between the infection and appearance of
  symptoms.

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AIDS
LIFE CYCLE OF HIV
1. HIV enters body
2. To macrophages (act as HIV factory)
4. Viral DNA incorporates into host DNA
3. RNA replicates in presence of reverse
transcriptase to form viral DNA.
5. Infected cells produce viral particles
6. HIV enters into helper T-cells (TH
lymphocytes)
8. Attack other TH cells
7. Replicates produce progeny viruses
9. T-cells decrease
10. Weaken immunity
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AIDS
EFFECTS

• During this period, the person suffers from
  fever, diarrhoea and weight loss.
• Due to deficiency of TH cells, he may be infected
  with Mycobacterium, viruses, fungi parasites
  like Toxoplasma.

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AIDS
DIAGNOSIS

• Screening Test ELISA test (Enzyme-linked
  immune-sorbent Assay).
• Confirmatory test Western blot test which
  detects antibodies in patient's serum

Sandwich ELISA
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AIDS
TREATMENT

• Anti-viral drugs are partially effective. They
  can only prolong the life of the patient.
• Reverse transcriptase inhibitor Zidovudine

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AIDS
PREVENTION OF AIDS
Making blood banks safe from HIV.
Use of disposable needles and syringes.
Educate peoples about AIDS
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Advocating safe sex
Controlling drug abuse
Regular check-ups for HIV
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