Kidney Stones (1)

1
Kidney Stones

• Everything You Need to Know

2
(No Transcript)
3
A Brief

• Kidney stones are hard deposits made from
  chemicals present in urine. There are four main
  types of kidney stones Calcium Oxalate Stones,
  Calcium Phosphate Stones, Struvite Stones, Uric
  Acid Stones, and Cystine Stones.
• The presence of excess waste in the urine can
  lead to the formation of crystals. These crystals
  tend to aggregate and form solid structures,
  which are typically excreted by the kidneys.
  However, if there isn't enough fluid to
  facilitate the elimination of these crystals,
  they may remain in the kidney or ureter. This can
  result in the blockage of urine flow, leading to
  pain. Kidney stones develop in this manner.

4
Symptoms

• Lower back pain on either side
• Urine containing blood
• Dizziness or vomiting
• Cold and fever
• Cloudy or smelly urine
• The larger the size of the Kidney Stone, the
  larger the pain.

5
Causes

• Inadequate hydration
• Lack of exercise
• Having a lot of food leads to stone formation.
  Usually protein-rich foods.
• Family history of Kidney Stones
• Certain Medications and past surgeries may also
  lead to Kidney Stones.

6
Diagnosis

• Urinalysis
• Blood Tests
• CT Scans
• Abdominal X-Rays
• KUB-X Rays are used to determine the size, shape,
  and location of kidney stones.

7
Treatments

• The treatments usually depend on the size of the
  stones. Small Kidney stones require nosy
  treatments like
• Drinking up to 4 liters of water will keep your
  urine dilute
• Pain Relievers could help to withstand pain until
  the stone goes out
• Medications
• If the Kidney Stone is large, it requires more
  extensive treatments like
• Shock-wave lithotripsy Stones can be broken down
  into small bits using sound waves, which are then
  eliminated through the urine. Typically, sedation
  is used during the procedure.
• Surgeries Doctors may suggest surgery in these
  cases if the kidney stones are large or painful,
  obstruct urine flow, cause bleeding or
  infections, are trapped in the ureter or in tubes
  that convey urine from the kidneys to the
  bladder, or involve any combination of these
  factors. Commonly found kidney stone treatments
  in India include Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery
  (RIRS) and Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
  (Mini PCNL).

8
(No Transcript)
9
Prevention

• Drink water all day long
• Reduce your intake of oxalate-rich foods that may
  cause calcium oxalate stones.
• Choose a low-salt diet and limit the consumption
  of Animal Protein.

10
Conclusion

• For expert care and treatment of kidney stones,
  visit Cochin Urology Hospital, a leading Urology
  Hospital in Kochi. Our specialized team is
  dedicated to providing the best possible care and
  solutions for kidney stone-related issues,
  ensuring your well-being and comfort.