The benefits of self healing concrete and its possible applications in Trinidad and Tobago

1
A Review of the Benefits of Self-Healing Concrete
and its Possible Applications in Trinidad and
Tobago

• TREVON DAVID
• Student ID 93181
• BASc Civil Engineering Systems with Structural
  Engineering

Supervisors Name Mrs. Yanitza Wilson-Ollivierre
Date of Presentation 8/ 4/ 2023
2
Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Objectives/ Purpose of Review
• Literature Review
• Applications
• Advantages/ Benefits and Disadvantages
• Conclusion
• References

3
Introduction

• Concrete is susceptible to cracking.
• Cracking is caused by low tensile strength,
  shrinkage and freeze-thaw reactions (Yildirim et
  al., 2015).
• Percolation of cracks may lead to corrosion of
  embedded steel reinforcement affecting the
  durability of structures (Huang et al., 2016).

4
Introduction

• In recent years, a new technology called
  Self-Healing concrete was implemented to repair
  cracks and extend the service life of structures.

5
Purpose of Review

• To review the different types of self-healing
  concrete and focus on its benefits/ advantages
  and disadvantages
• To get familiar with the new technologies,
  challenges and effects of self-healing concrete.

6
Purpose of Review

• By doing a thorough review and understanding the
  relevant literature on the advantages/benefits
  and disadvantages of self healing concrete, a
  conclusion can be drawn to infer the most
  suitable self-healing concrete for Trinidad and
  Tobago.

7
Purpose of Review

• To make a comparison of the benefits of
  self-healing concrete compared to traditional
  concrete.

8
Literature Review

• Cracks occur under different factors, such as the
  type of concrete, environmental conditions,
  construction practices, and structural design
  (Mehndi et al., 2014).
• Cracks can be classified as structural and
  non-structural.

9
Literature Review
10
Literature Review

• What is Self-Healing Concrete?
• Self-healing concrete is a special type of
  concrete which heals itself when it encounters
  air or water by producing lime on the outer layer
  of concrete (Jonkers, 2007).
• Self-healing concrete is also known as bio
  concrete or bacterial concrete.

11
Literature Review

• How is Self-Healing Concrete prepared?
• Direct application method - This method adds
  bacterial spores and calcium lactate directly to
  the concrete during mixing.

12
Literature Review

• Encapsulation method - the bacteria, food, and
  calcium lactate are placed inside treated clay
  pellets as the concrete is prepared (Huang et
  al., 2016).

13
Literature Review

• Mechanism of self-healing concrete (Amran et al.,
  2022)
• Cracks are formed on concrete surfaces over time
  due to shrinkage, inadequate water for hydration,
  tensile stress, or freeze-thaw cycles.
• Healing agents or precursor are added directly
  while mixing the concrete or without human
  intervention.

14
Literature Review

• Water is deliberately forced into the cracks, and
  a precursor/ predecessor is activated.
• The activated precursor induces the bacteria,
  fiber, capsule, or microorganism to react with
  the precursor.
• This reaction forms a base of calcium carbonate
  also called limestone, which fill cracks.

15
Literature Review

• Classification of Self-Healing Concrete
• Autogenous self-healing Concrete
• This is a natural process.
• It repair cracks in the presence of moisture and
  the absence of tensile stress (Amran et al.,
  2022).

16
Literature Review

• Autonomous Self-Healing Concrete
• Relies on additives such as microcapsules
  containing healing capsules.
• Capsules are filled with bacteria spores
  (inactive cells with high survival rate).
• The capsules are responsible for depositing the
  healing material, hence repairing cracks. (Van
  Tittelboom De Belie, 2013)

17
Literature Review

• Comparison of Self-healing concrete vs
  Traditional Concrete (Gandhimathi et al., 2012)

18
Application of Self-Healing Concrete in
Trinidad Tobago

• Structural Basement Walls

19
Application of Self-Healing Concrete in
Trinidad Tobago

• Marine Structures

20
Application of Self-Healing Concrete in
Trinidad Tobago

• Concrete Floors

21
Application of Self-Healing Concrete in
Trinidad Tobago

• Highway Bridge

22
Application of Self-Healing Concrete in
Trinidad Tobago

• Roads

23
Advantages/Benefits of Self Healing Concrete

• Increased compressive Strength
• Environmentally friendly (Reduced CO2)
• Better resistance to freeze-thaw attack
• Reduction in permeability of concrete
• Reduction in Corrosion of reinforced concrete
• Reduction in maintenance and repairs

24
Disadvantages of Self Healing Concrete

• Cost of bacterial concrete is double that of
  conventional concrete.
• Skilled labour is required
• There is no IS code available on the mix design.
• Availability
• Growth of Bacteria is not applicable in certain
  environment

25
Conclusion

• Self-healing concrete has proven to be better
  than many conventional techniques because of its
  eco friendly nature, self-healing abilities and
  increased durability.
• Compressive and tensile strength is increased,
  and corrosion is decreased when bacteria is added
  to the mix design.

26
Conclusion

• Cementation by self-healing concrete is very easy
  and convenient.
• Self-healing concrete also provides a basis for
  high-quality, cost-effective, and environmentally
  safe structures.
• The use of self-healing concrete in construction
  has the potential to streamline current processes
  and transform the methods of building new
  structures.

27
References

• Jonkers, H. M. Bacteria-Based Self-Healing
  Concrete. In-Genium no. 1 (May 2021).
  http//sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/119709.
• Van Tittelboom, Kim, and Nele De Belie.
  Self-Healing in Cementitious MaterialsA
  Review. Materials 6, no. 6 (June 2013)
  21822217. https//doi.org/10.3390/ma6062182.
• Gupta, Souradeep, Sze Dai Pang, and Harn Wei Kua.
  Autonomous Healing in Concrete by Bio-Based
  Healing Agents A Review. Construction and
  Building Materials 146 (August 15, 2017) 41928.
  https//doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.111.
  
• Amran, Mugahed, Ali M. Onaizi, Roman Fediuk,
  Nikolai Ivanovicn Vatin, Raizal Saifulnaz
  Muhammad Rashid, Hakim Abdelgader, and Togay
  Ozbakkaloglu. Self-Healing Concrete as a
  Prospective Construction Material A Review.
  Materials 15, no. 9 (April 29, 2022) 3214.
  https//doi.org/10.3390/ma15093214.

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References

• Danish, Aamar, Mohammad Ali Mosaberpanah, and
  Muhammad Usama Salim. Past and Present
  Techniques of Self-Healing in Cementitious
  Materials A Critical Review on Efficiency of
  Implemented Treatments. Journal of Materials
  Research and Technology 9, no. 3 (May 2020)
  688399. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.04.05
  3.
• Wu, Min, Björn Johannesson, and Mette Geiker. A
  Review Self-Healing in Cementitious Materials
  and Engineered Cementitious Composite as a
  Self-Healing Material. Construction and Building
  Materials 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2012) 57183.
  https//doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.086.
  

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References

• Yildirim, Gürkan, Özlem Kasap Keskin, Süleyman
  Bahadir Keskin, Mustafa Sahmaran, and Mohamed
  Lachemi. A Review of Intrinsic Self-Healing
  Capability of Engineered Cementitious Composites
  Recovery of Transport and Mechanical Properties.
  Construction and Building Materials 101 (December
  30, 2015) 1021. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.conbui
  ldmat.2015.10.018.
• Mehndi, Syed Mohd, Meraj Ahmad Khan, and Sabih
  Ahmad. Causes And Evaluation Of Cracks In
  Concrete Structures 2, no. 5 (2014).
• Edvardsen, Carola. Water Permeability and
  Autogenous Healing of Cracks in Concrete.
  Materials Journal 96, no. 4 (July 1, 1999)
  44854. https//doi.org/10.14359/645.

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References

• Huang, Haoliang, Guang Ye, Chunxiang Qian, and
  Erik Schlangen. Self-Healing in Cementitious
  Materials Materials, Methods and Service
  Conditions. Materials Design 92 (February 15,
  2016) 499511. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2
  015.12.091.
• Gandhimathi, A, N Vigneswari, S M Janani, D
  Ramya, D Suji, and T Meenambal. Experimental
  Study on Self Healing Concrete, 2012.