A deep dive into the applications and working mechanisms of a punching machine

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A Deep Dive into the Applications and Working
Mechanisms of a Punching Machine m
2023-03-16 Home Blogs / Follow Us r pi
Punching machines are inevitable in the sheet
metal process. Through this blog, we will
discover what punching machines are, their
working process , applications and advantages.
This blog is intended to help beginners to have a
better understanding of these machines. What are
Punching Machines? Punching machines are used to
structure metals into various desired forms. They
are used to create metals with different shapes
and thickness as per the requirement. Hence
punching can be referred to as a metal forming
process. In this process, the sheet metals are
punched for creating holes for various purposes.
In simpler terms sheet metal punching refers to
the process of making holes on metals for various
purposes. In order to create effective and
efficient holes, many factors have to be taken
into consideration like the dimension of sheet
metals, the efficiency of the equipment used in
the process, the method used for punching, the
force applied etc. Various designs can be punched
through sheet metals with the help of punching
machines. These designs are formed when the
materials pass either through or under the
punching machine. There are basically two types
of punching machines. Manually operated punching
machines as well as computerized punching
machines.
How are Sheet Metals formed? Sheet metals are
formed by pressing metals into very thin, smooth
uniform workpieces. To punch the metal
workpieces, the respective machines are tooled
with a die and punch to be able to cut and form
the metal workpiece. For industrial punching, an
extra compression force has to be applied to get
the sheet metal into desired form. This process
helps in the initial deformation of sheet metal
which is followed by a shear stress that will
create fractures and material cutouts. This
process begins with the placing of sheet metal in
place followed by passing a punch downward
through a single side of the sheet metal to get
into the die that's located on the other side of
the sheet metal workpiece thereby forming the
desired shape. The die also helps in providing
the required support for the punch to apply
utmost force without the metal being broken. It's
the punch and the die that helps in creating
accurate and perfect metal pieces of desired size
and shape.
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Sheet Metal Punching Process
To define what exactly is the process of sheet
metal punching, it is when a great shearing force
is applied to remove a material from a sheet
metal. In CNC type punching, it helps to produce
cutouts and holes of varied shapes and sizes. By
punching holes, it means making simple shapes
like square, circle, rectangle etc. A combination
of these shapes are also possible. It's in the
die below the sheet that holds the desired shape
to be cut. Even though dies and punches of
standard size and shapes are used, custom made
sizes and shapes can also be created for punching
complex requirements. It's the punch press that
helps to drive down at great speed all the way
through the sheet and to the die. What causes the
workpiece to swiftly bend, and fracture is the
tiny clearance gap that's seen in between punch
edge and die. The punched out slug makes a free
fall through the opening of the die that is
tapered. Even though these processes can be done
on manual punch presses, CNC presses are mostly
made use of nowadays. There are hydraulic,
electrical and pneumatic CNC punch presses that
have the capability to produce 600 punches per
min. Manual and Automated Sheet Metal
Punching Punching process was manually once. But
with the advent of technology, automated punching
machines made their way through. The automation
of punching machines contributed a lot to the
speed and the accuracy of punching of even
intricate shapes. Manual punching machines are
still on use for specific job but very limited.
But industrial requirements of heavy sheet metal
punching make use of the advancement in automated
punching technology which utilizes Computer
Numerical Control programming. The position of
the material clamping, the complex shapes and
size of punching required are all programmed to
help achieve desired result. For the simultaneous
working of machines, its now possible to fit
multiple die and punch sets and complete the
process in one stroke. Hence CNC programmed
punching offers more reliability, durability,
flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy even on
complex punching requirements. CNC punching
machines are most preferred when it comes to
industrial requirements due to its cost
effectiveness as well. Applications Sheet metal
punching process helps produce various parts and
elements that are used in industries. The main
applications of sheet metal punching come in
Automotive, Electronics, Agriculture, Energy,
Aerospace, Architecture, Construction and any
other industry that requires metal parts that are
fabricated to complete their products. The
different materials that are used for punching
are Aluminum, Stainless steel, copper, brass,
titanium and other metals which can be punched
and create accurate results. There can be
situations where materials have to undergo
repeated punching especially the ones with tight
perforation. Subject to the repeated process of
punching on these materials, there are chances of
stress and heat build-up. This can often lead to
distortion of the shape. There are even methods
to reduce this distortion. Advantages and
Disadvantages of Sheet Metal Punching The process
of punching requires a lot of force and heat
build up to get the desired result .Hence this
process comes with advantages and disadvantages
as well. The Main Advantages of Punching Process
are Cost-effective process with no
requirement of custom tooling Pretty faster
and can be compared to laser cutting Able to
form louvers, bridge lances, dimples etc No
requirement for secondary forming process
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When it comes to talk about the disadvantages,
the process is Extremely time-consuming for
set up Expensive for parts required only
once Size and shape limitation if custom
tooling is not available. Expensive custom
tooling
Conclusion
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This blog takes you through the basis of punching
process, the various types of punching machines
available , the applications as well as the pros
and cons . It's always recommended to buy best
quality machines to get accurate
results.Punching Machine Manufacturer brands like
Tronzodoras MG brings you the best quality
punching machines with little maintenance
required.
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