What is all about PGD Genetic Testing?

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MOHAK INFERTILITY CENTRE
Our Location
SAIMS Campus,Indore-Ujjain state highway, Near
MR-10 crossing,Indore (M.P.)-453111
Dr. Shilpa Bhandari
MD GynaecologyDM Reproductive Medicine and
Surgery
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What is all about PGD Genetic Testing
PGD stands for preimplantation genetic testing/
Diagnosis, it comprises a group of genetic assays
used to evaluate the embryo before transferring
it to the uterus. Preimplantation genetic testing
is a highly modified technique which is used to
identify genetic defects in embryo created
through the IVF in vitro fertilization before
pregnancy, preimplantation genetic diagnosis
refers specially when one or both genetic parents
has any known genetic abnormality and the testing
is generally performed on an embryo to determine
if the embryo also carries any genetic
abnormality. In this procedure the embryos can be
tested for abnormal chromosomes before they are
transferred to uterus, Along with this
preimplantation genetic screening also referred
as PGS is a technique where the embryo from the
presumed chromosomally normal genetic parents are
screen for aneuploidy. 
Because only the uninfected embryos are
transferred to the uterus for implantation
preimplantation genetic testing provides
alternative to current post conception diagnostic
procedure that is chronic villus sampling or
amniocentesis. Preimplantation genetic testing
aur diagnosis is the only option available that
is used to avoid high risk of having children
with any genetic disorder prior to implantation,
PGD is an attractive means of preventing
heritable genetic diseases thereby it helps to
eliminate the dilemma of pregnancy termination
following unfavourable prenatal diagnosis. 
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Common diseases diagnosed through PGD-

• BRAC1 BRAC 2 genetic mutation
• Hemophilia A
• Sickle cell Anemia
• Myotonic dystrophy
• Fragile x syndrome
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
• Cystic fibrosis (CF)
• Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)
• Tay Sachs disease

Indications of PGD

• Advanced maternal age (gt35 years)
• Unexplained fertility
• Male factors
• Known genetic causes
• Recurrent miscarriage
• Repeated IVF

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Classification of PGD Genetic Testing-
Basically there are three types of
preimplantation genetic testing depend on defects
evaluated-
1) PGT-A - this is also called as preimplantation
genetic screening it helps to increase pregnancy
rates by allowing the discard of aneuploids and
the selection of good euploid embryos for
transfer, euploid embryos are more prone to
implant and develop into healthy pregnancy.
2) PGT-M - in this monogenic diseases can be
evaluated in the embryo, monogenic disorders are
basically caused by single gene mutation.
3) PGT-SR - average structural abnormality into
the chromosome is taken inside this
(translocation, inversions, duplications
insertions, deletions)
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How is PGD performed- 
In This procedure one or more than one cells are
taken from the embryo and send for genetic
testing while the embryo is already growing in
the IVF laboratory, in this there are different
stages of testing which is done using different
techniques these techniques include fluorescent
in situ hybridization (FISH), microarray and
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). More the
techniques are constantly evolving and are
changing to work more accurately and it will be
easier to access. 
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Benefits of Preimplantation genetic testing- 
As Preimplantation genetic testing is done in the
chromosomes it can help to identify any diseases
linked to chromosome genetics or hereditary
diseases, chromosome diseases are one of the most
common and major cause of infertility and
maternal age related reduced fertility potential,
preimplantation genetic testing can help to
shorten the time to a viable pregnancy by
reducing the need of multiple in vitro
fertilization cycles. It can also help to reduce
the miscarriage risk independent of maternal age.

• Helps to identify and avoid fertilisation embryos
  that carry genetic diseases and conditions.
• Identify the sex of the embryo and select which
  sex to implant.
• Helps to allow intended parents who are carriers
  of genetic disorders to conceive with
  significantly lower risk of passing that genetic
  disorders to the children
• Helps to improve the chances of successful
  pregnancy by transferring strongest and the best
  embryos in the uterus.

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Risks of treatment-
Generally the risk involved in in implantation
genetic technique are similar to conventional in
vitro fertilization IVF-

• Fertility drug reaction which includes hot
  flashes headaches restlessness feeling down or
  irritable the symptoms of this usually disappears
  after a short time.

• Multiple pregnancy is a risk of complication in
  which there are higher chances of twins or
  multiples

• Pelvic infections

• Ectopic pregnancy ab pregnancy is another risk
  factor in which the pregnancy development is in
  the fallopian tube instead of the womb

• Miscarriage there are risk of miscarriage after
  IVF is no higher or lower then after a neutral
  conception.

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Mohak Infertility Center is one of the Best
infertility hospitals in Indore. We at Mohak
Infertility Center, Indore provide IVF, IUI, Test
Tube Baby Treatment, Infertility Treatment and
ICSI Treatment at very low cost. If you are
looking for the best center for ICSI treatment in
Indore, come to Mohak Infertility Center. For
Appointment call us now 7898047572, 8085-277666
and visit online - https//www.mohakivf.com/
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Contact Details
MOHAK INFERTILITY CENTRE Email-
help_at_Mohakivf.com Phone -78980-47572 /
80852-77666 / 97550-44424 / 0731-4231756 Address
- SAIMS Campus,Indore-Ujjain state highway,Near
MR-10 crossing, Indore (M.P.) Visit our
website- https//www.mohakivf.com for more
information.
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