The Complete Guide to Global Clinical Trials of CAR-T cell therapy

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The Complete Guide to Global Clinical Trials of
CAR-T cell therapy
https//www.creative-biolabs.com/car-t/
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CONTENT
Background
Current Situation
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02
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Challenges
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Prospects
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Background
CAR-T cell immunotherapy is one of the most
potential technologies in the field of cancer
therapy.
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Background
CAR-T cell immunotherapy
Compared with other tumor treatment methods, such
as surgical resection, radiotherapy and
chemotherapy, small molecule targeting drugs,
monoclonal antibody drugs, and hematopoietic stem
cell transplantation, CAR-T cell immunotherapy is
more advantageous with higher precision and
flexibility. Currently, two CAR-T cell
immunotherapy products have been approved
worldwide, namely Novartis KymriahTM and Kite
Pharma's Yescarta.
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Current Situation
The number of global clinical trials of CAR-T
therapy is increasing dramatically.
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Current Situation
Current Situation
According to the Cancer Research Institute (CRI),
as of February 2018, a total of 404 CAR-T
projects worldwide are in clinical trials, mainly
headed by the United States and China. Among
them, there are 171 in the United States in
clinical trials, and 152 in China, accounting for
79.95 of the global CAR-T cell therapy and
becoming the world's two giants of CAR-T cell
immunotherapy.
At present, the CAR-T project in clinical
research involves more than 47 targets. From the
distribution of target sites, clinical trials of
CAR-T cell therapy mainly focus on CD19, CD20,
CD22, GPC3, BCMA and other popular targets.
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Current Situation
CAR-T is currently making relatively slow
progress in solid tumor applications. It is
reported that about 75 of the CAR-T clinical
trials in the world are mainly used for blood
tumors such as leukemia and lymphoma. Only a
small part of the CAR-T project is for solid
tumors such as liver cancer and lung cancer. On
the one hand, there are large differences in the
traits of solid tumors and blood tumors. Highly
heterogeneity makes CAR-T therapy more difficult
to treat solid tumors and the target selection is
also one of the major challenges faced by CAR-T
therapy. On the other hand, solid
tumor-associated tumor antigens are not only
expressed in tumor tissues, but also in normal
tissues. The antigen even maintains the normal
physiological function of the tissue. The
improvement of the recognition specificity of
CAR-T cells, and the reduction of the possibility
of CAR-T cells attacking normal tissues becomes
another major challenge for CAR-T to treat solid
tumors. In addition, the homing and activation
maintenance of CAR-T cells in solid tumors is
also one of the challenges.
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Challenges
The side effect of CAR T cell therapy is also a
challenging difficulty to get over.
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Challenges
Side effects
The side effect of CAR T cell therapy is also a
challenging difficulty to get over. CRS is one of
the common adverse reactions to CART cell
therapy. CRS is a non-antigen-specific toxicity
caused by high-level immune activation and is
associated with increased levels of circulating
cytokines including IL-6 and IFN-?. The mechanism
is that the T and B lymphocytes, NK/T cells and
macrophages, etc. release a large number of
cytokines and chemokines after intravenous
infusion of CART, and the inflammatory reaction
caused by these inflammatory mediators causes
tissue damage, resulting in Microvascular
disease, heart failure, and even death. The
clinical manifestations are nausea and vomiting,
headache, dizziness, rapid heart rate, blood
pressure drop, rash, chest tightness, shortness
of breath and so on.
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Prospects
In the future, with the discovery of more targets
and the mechanism of action, as well as the
development of relevant clinical trials, the
application of CAR-T in solid tumors has broader
development prospects.
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Thanks
https//www.creative-biolabs.com/car-t/