All you need to know about kidney Transplant - complete guide

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Guide for Kidney transplant

• Complete Guide on kidney Transplant

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Introduction to  kidney transplant 

• The kidneys are two bean - shaped organs located
  on either side of the spine just below the rib
  cage. Each one is about the size of a fist. The
  main function of the kidney is to filter and
  remove excess waste, minerals and fluid from the
  blood by producing urine.
• A kidney transplant is a surgery to place
  a healthy kidney from a donor into your body. A
  donor is a living person or a person who has just
  died, most often a family member. A kidney from
  someone who has just died is a deceased donor
  kidney. A kidney from a living person is a living
  donor kidney. The transplanted kidney takes over
  the job of filtering your blood. Kidney
  transplant is done by Nephrologists.

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• Only one donated kidney is needed to replace two
  failed kidneys, making living-donor kidney
  transplantation an option. If a compatible living
  donor isn't available for a kidney transplant,
  your name may be placed on a kidney transplant
  waiting list to receive a kidney from a deceased
  donor. The wait is usually a few years.
• A kidney transplant is used to cure kidney
  failure, a condition in which the kidneys can
  function at only a limited amount of normal
  capacity. People with end-stage kidney
  disease need either to have waste removed from
  their bloodstream (dialysis) or a kidney
  transplant to stay alive.
• It is achievable to partially replicate the
  functions of the kidney using a blood filtering
  procedure known as dialysis. However, dialysis
  can be inconvenient and time consuming, so a
  kidney transplant is the treatment of choice for
  kidney failurewhenever possible.

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Different types of kidney transplant are

• Deceased-donor kidney transplant
• Living-donor kidney transplant
• Pre-emptive kidney transplant
• Deceased-donor kidney transplant
• A deceased-donor kidney transplant is done when a
  kidney from someone who has recently died is
  removed with consent of the family and placed in
  a recipient whose kidneys have failed and no
  longer function properly and is in need of kidney
  transplantation.

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• The donated kidney is either stored on low
  temperature or connected to a machine that
  provides oxygen and nutrients until the kidney is
  transplanted into the recipient. The donor and
  recipient are often in the same geographic region
  as the transplant center to minimize the time the
  kidney is outside a human body.
• Only one donated kidney is needed to fulfil the
  body's needs. For this reason, a living person
  can donate a kidney, and living-donor kidney
  transplant is an alternative to deceased-donor
  kidney transplant.
• Overall, about two-thirds of the nearly 18,000
  kidney transplants performed each year are
  deceased-donor kidney transplants, and the
  remaining are living donor kidney transplants.

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• Why Deceased-donor kidney transplant is done?
• People with end-stage kidney disease need to have
  waste removed from their bloodstream via a
  machine (dialysis) or a kidney transplant to stay
  alive.
• For most people with advanced kidney disease or
  kidney failure, a kidney transplant is the
  preferred treatment. Compared to a lifetime on
  dialysis, a kidney transplant offers a lower risk
  of death, better quality of life and fewer
  dietary restrictions than dialysis.
• The health risks linked with a kidney transplant
  include those associated directly with the
  surgery itself, rejection of the donor organ and
  the side effects of taking immunosuppressant
  medications needed to prevent your body from
  rejecting the donated kidney, which include
  a higher risk of infection and some types of
  cancer.

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What you can expect after Kidney Transplant ?

• If your doctor recommends a kidney transplant,
  you may be referred to a transplant center or
  select a transplant center on your own.
• You will be evaluated by the transplant center to
  determine if you are accepted as a kidney
  transplant candidate. Each transplant center has
  its own eligibility criteria.
• If a living donor isn't available for a kidney
  transplant, your name will be placed on a kidney
  transplant waiting list to receive a kidney from
  a deceased donor.
• UNOS categorizes deceased-donor kidneys according
  to how long they are expected to last. First
  choice to kidneys expected to last the longest
  goes to those candidates who are expected to need
  them the longest.

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• Additional factors used in matching
  deceased-donor kidneys include blood and tissue
  type matching and how long the candidate has
  spent on the waiting list. The federal government
  monitors the system to ensure that everyone
  waiting for an organ has a fair chance.
• Some people get a match within several months,
  and others may wait several years. While on the
  list, you will have periodic health checkups to
  ensure that you are still a suitable candidate
  for kidney transplantation.
• When a compatible deceased-donor kidney becomes
  available, you will be notified by your
  transplant center. You must be ready to go to the
  center immediately for final transplant
  evaluation.
• If the outcomes of the final transplant
  evaluation are satisfactory, the kidney
  transplant surgery can proceed immediately.

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Living-donor kidney transplant

• A living-donor kidney transplant is done by
  the removal of a kidney from a living donor and
  placement into a recipient whose kidneys no
  longer function properly. Only one donated kidney
  is needed to replace two failed kidneys, which
  makes living-donor kidney transplant an
  alternative to deceased-donor kidney transplant.
• About one-third of all kidney transplants
  performed are living-donor kidney transplants.
  The other two-thirds involve a kidney from a
  deceased donor.

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• Compared with deceased-donor kidney transplant,
  living-donor kidney transplant offers these
  benefits
• Less time spent on a waiting list, which could
  prevent possible complications and deterioration
  of health
• Potential avoidance of dialysis if it has not
  been initiated
• Better short- and long-term survival rates
• A pre-scheduled transplant once your donor is
  approved versus an unscheduled, emergency
  transplant procedure with a deceased donor
• Living-donor kidneys almost always start working
  immediately after transplant compared with
  deceased-donor kidneys that can have delayed
  function

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What you can expect After Kidney Transplant?

• Living-donor kidney transplant usually involves a
  donated kidney from someone you know, such as a
  family member, friend or co-worker. Family
  members are most likely to be compatible living
  kidney donors.
• A living kidney donor may also be someone you
  don't know, a non directed living kidney donor.
• Both you and your living kidney donor will be
  evaluated to determine if the donor's organ is a
  good match for you. In general, your blood and
  tissue types need to be compatible with the
  donor's.

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• But even if your donor isn't a match, in some
  cases a successful kidney transplant may still be
  possible with additional medical treatment before
  and after kidney transplant to desensitize your
  immune system and reduce the risk of rejection.
• If the living kidney donor isn't compatible with
  you, your transplant center may offer you and
  your donor the chance to participate in the
  paired donation program. In paired organ
  donation, your donor gives a kidney to someone
  else whose is compatible. Then you receive a
  compatible kidney from that recipient's donor.
• Once you've been matched with a living kidney
  donor, the kidney transplant procedure will be
  scheduled in advance. The kidney donation
  surgery (donor nephrectomy) and your transplant
  will occur on the same day.

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Pre-emptive kidney transplant

• A pre-emptive kidney transplant is a kidney
  transplant that takes place before your kidney
  function deteriorates to the point of needing
  dialysis to replace the normal filtering function
  of the kidneys.
• Currently, most kidney transplants are performed
  on people who are on dialysis because their
  kidneys are no longer able to adequately clean
  impurities from the blood.
• Pre-emptive kidney transplant is considered the
  preferred treatment for end-stage kidney disease,
  but only about 20 percent of kidney transplants
  are performed pre-emptively.

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• Several factors have been associated to the lower
  than expected rate of pre-emptive kidney
  transplants, such as
• Shortage of donor kidneys.
• Lack of access to transplant centers.
• Low rates of physician referrals for the
  procedure among candidates of lower
  socio-economic status.
• Lack of physician awareness of current
  guidelines.

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Why Pre-emptive kidney transplant is done?

• The benefits of pre-emptive kidney transplant
  before dialysis for people with end-stage kidney
  disease include
• Lower risk of rejection of the donor kidney
• Improved survival rates
• Improved quality of life
• Lower treatment costs
• Avoidance of dialysis and its related dietary
  restrictions and health complications

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What you can expect

• If your doctor recommends a pre-emptive kidney
  transplant, you will be referred to a transplant
  center for evaluation.
• At the transplant center, your doctor and
  transplant team will conduct several tests to
  determine if a pre-emptive kidney transplant is
  appropriate for you. Variety of factors will be
  considered, including
• Level of kidney function
• Overall health
• Any chronic medical conditions that might affect
  transplant success
• Availability of a donor kidney
• Ability to follow medical instructions and take
  anti-rejection medications for the rest of your
  life

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• If you're approved for a pre-emptive kidney
  transplant and a living-donor kidney is
  available, the living-donor transplant procedure
  will be scheduled. If a kidney from a living
  donor is not available, you will be placed on a
  waiting list for a deceased-donor kidney
  transplant.
• Why Kidney Transplant is done?
• A kidney transplant is mostly the treatment of
  choice for kidney failure compared to a lifetime
  on dialysis. A kidney transplant can
  treat chronic kidney disease with glomerular
  filtration rate (GFR, a measure of kidney
  function) less than or equal to 20 ml/min and
  end-stage renal disease to help you feel better
  and live longer.

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• kidney transplant is associated with
• Better quality of life.
• Lower risk of death.
• Fewer dietary restrictions.
• Lower treatment cost.
• Some people may also benefit from receiving a
  kidney transplant before needing to go on
  dialysis, a procedure known as preemptive kidney
  transplant.

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How long do kidney transplants last?

• 1 year - about 95.
• 5 years - about 85-90.
• 10 years - about 75.
• If you have a kidney transplant that fails, you
  can usually be put on the waiting list for
  another transplant. You may need dialysis in the
  meantime.

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Recommended hospitals for Kidney Transplant in
India.

• Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon
• BLK Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi
• AIIMS, Delhi
• Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi
• Rajiv Gandhi Government Hospital, Chennai
• Manipal Hospital, Bangalore
• Fortis Hospital, Bangalore
• Christian Medical College, Vellore
• Manipal Hospital, Bangalore
• Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai

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• Rajiv Gandhi Government Hospital, Chennai
• MIOT Hospital, Chennai
• Coimbatore Kidney Hospital, Coimbatore
• Sri Ramachandra Medical Center, Chennai
• Rajagiri Hospital, Kerala
• Baby Memorial Hospital, Kerala
• Dharamshila Cancer Hospital, New Delhi
• Columbia Asia Yeshwantpur, Bangalore
• Wockhardt Super Speciality Hospital, Mumbai
• Baby Memorial Hospital, Kerala
• Olive Hospital, Hyderabad
• Yashoda Hospitals, Secunderabad
• Primus Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi
• Kokilaben Hospital, Mumbai

• The approximate cost for Kidney transplant is
  Rs.10 To 15 Lakhs

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