Seismic Geotechnical Engineering - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Seismic Geotechnical Engineering

Description:

Seismic Geotechnical Engineering – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:3310
Slides: 203
Provided by: mohanad.alfach
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Seismic Geotechnical Engineering


1
??????? ???????????? ????????? Seismic
Geotechnical Engineering
  • SOIL LIQUEFACTION
  • ???? ??????
  • ???????
  • ??????

??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? 2016/2017
2
????? ?????
  • ???????
  • ???? ??????
  • ????? ???? ??????
  • ????? ??????? ???? ??????
  • ??????

3
(No Transcript)
4
(No Transcript)
5
Niigata in 1964.
6
(No Transcript)
7
Kobe 1995
8
  • Kobe 1995

9
  • San Fernando dam ,San Fernando earthquake, 1971.

10
  • Niigata 1964.

11
(No Transcript)
12
  • Niigata 1964.

13
Taiwan 1999
14
Taiwan 1999
15
  • 1964 Alaskan earthquake.

16
Hanshin Express way
1995 Kobe earthquake, Japan
17
Kobe 1995.
18
Alaska earthquake, USA,1964
19
1957 Lake Merced slide
20
the banks of the Motagua River following the 197
Guatemala Earthquake.
21
Quay walls on Rokko Island. Kobe 1995.
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake
25
1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake
26
1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake
27
1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake
28
1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake
29
1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake
30
Adapazari -Liquefaction Effects on Shallow
Foundations
31
Road near Pajaro River, 1989 Loma Prieta
earthquake
32
Lower San Fernando Dam -Liquefaction-induced
Failure of the Upstream Slope
33
Liquefaction failure of Tanks at Kobe 1999, Japan)
34
??????
  • ?????? Liquefaction
  • ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????
    ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ????? ????? ???
    ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?
    ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????
    ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????.
  • - ?????? ????????? Initial Liquefaction
  • ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????
    ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????
    ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????
    ??????? ?????,??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????
    ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????
    ??????.
  • ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????
  • Initial Liquefaction With Cyclic Mobility
  • ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????
    ??????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????
    ?????? ?????? ??? , ? ??? ???? ??? ??????
    ???????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ???????
    ??????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????
    ? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????.

35
???? ???? ??????
  • ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ????
    ???????
  • ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ????
    ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????.
  • ?????? ????? ?????? ???????
  • ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?
    ?????? ????? ????
  • ??? ???? ?????? ????????,????? ?????? ????? ????
    ? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????.

36
r -2
r -2
r -0.5

Rayleigh wave

Vertical component
Horizontal component
Relative amplitude
Shear wave


-
-
r -1

Compression wave

r
r -1
Shear window
Wave Type Percentage of Total Energy
Rayleigh 67
Shear 26
Compression 7
Waves
37
Waves
Rayleigh, R Surface
Shear,S Secondary
Compression, P Primary
38
??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?????
??????
????? ???? ??????
??? ????? ???????
39
???? ??????? ?????????? ,????? ??? ????? ???????
??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????
? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????.
?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????
40
  • ???? ?????? ??????
  • ????? ?????? ?????? (?? ???? ?? ???? ???????) ??
    ????
  • ???? ??? ????? ,????? ?????? cu ??? ?? 15.
  • ????? ???? ???? 50 ?? D50 ?????? ???
    (0.05-1.5)??.
  • ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????
  • ????? ???? ???? 15 ?? D15 ???? ?? (0.005)??.
  • ?? ??????? ??? ?? (35)
  • ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????
    ???.

41
  • ?????? ?????
  • S (sn u) tan f
  • z ??? ????? ?????????????? ??? ????? U ?wz
  • z ????????? ???????? ??? ????? sn ?satz
  • ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????b?sat-?w
  • ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????????u ?whw
  • S (?bz ?whw) tan f
  • ?bz ?whw
  • hw/z ?sat-1/1e ?b/ ?w icr

42
????????? ??????? ????????
  • ???
  • sv??????? ???????? ??????
  • K0 ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????
  • K0sv ??????? ?????? ??????

43
???? ???????
44
(No Transcript)
45
(No Transcript)
46
????? ??????
  • ???? Casagrande 1936 ????? ?????,??? ???? ??
    ????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???????
    ????? ????? ????? ????,???? ???????? ????????
    ???? ???????,???? ???? ???????? ?????? ecr

47
  • ??? Casagrande ?? ???? ecr ????? ????? ?????
    ???? ??????? ??????? ??????

48
(No Transcript)
49
????? ??????
  • ????? Masalov 1957 ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????
    ????? acr ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????
    ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????
  • ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????
  • ????? ?????
  • ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????
  • ??????? ????????
  • ????? ??????? ??????

50
????? ??????
  • ??????? ??????? ?? D50
  • ????? ???????? ????? ecr
  • ????? ?????? ?????
  • ??? ??????? ??? ?????
  • ??? ???????
  • ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????

???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????
???? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ????? -???????? ?????
??????. -???????? ? ???? ???????.
51
??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????
  • ?????? ????? ?????
  • ??????? ??????? ??????????
  • ????? ????????
  • ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????
  • ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????
  • ??????? ???????? ??????
  • ??? ???? ???????
  • ?????? ?????? ???????
  • ???? ?????? ??????

52
?????? ????? ?????
  • ????? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
    ?????,??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????
    ?????? ,???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????
    ???? ?? ????? ?????.
  • ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????
    ??????? ??? ??? 10 ? ? ???? D50 ?????? ?? ???
    (0.2-2.0 ??) ,???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??
    (??? ??? ??? 20 ?).
  • ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???
    ???? ???? ?????? 20 .
  • ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????.
  • ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????
    ???????? ????.

53
??????? ??????? ??????????
  • ???? ??????? ??????? ????????
  • e ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????.
  • emax????? ???????? ???????.
  • emin????? ???????? ???????.

54
????? ????????
  • ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??
    ?????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????,??????,???
    ? ????????,????? ???????,????? ?????.
  • ??? ? ????? ? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??
    ????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ??????.
  • ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????
    ???? ??? ? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????
    ??????????? ??? ??? ?????,???? ???? ?????? ??
    ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????
    ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??
    ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????
    ??? ??????
  • ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??
    ?????????? ?????????.
  • ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????
    ???????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????
    ????? ??????.

55
????? ????????
  • ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????
    ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????(10) ????? ???
    ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????????
  • Mlog A
  • A????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????
    ?????????(0.0001) ?? ??? ?????(100) ?? ?? ????
    ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????.
  • ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????????
  • Log E 11.81.5 M
  • ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? M ?????? (0.2) ???
    ?????? ??????? E ?????? ????? , ? ????? ????? M
    ??????(1) ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (32)
    ???.

56
??? ???? ????? ? ???? ???????
  • ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????
    ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ???
    ??? ??????.
  • ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????
    (??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????) ???? ????? ??????
    ?????? ? ??? ??? ??????.
  • ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ????
    ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????
    ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????
    ? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????
    ??? ???????,? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???
    ??????? ? ???? ??????.
  • ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????
    ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????
    ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ,? ?? ?????
    ?????? ?? ?????? ????? (???? ??? ????? ?????
    ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????
    ??????) ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????
    ?????? ???? ?????? (200) ??? ????????? ?? ????
    ?????? ???????.

57
????? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????
  • ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????
    ??????? ?????????, ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???
    ????? ???????? ???????????.
  • ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? , ????
    ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????
    ??????? ????????? ???? , ???? ??? ????? ??? ???
    ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????
    ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????.
  • ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????
    ??????.
  • ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? (??????? ?? ????
    ?????????) ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ,??? ????
    ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????
    ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? K0 ???

58
??????? ???????? ??????
  • ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????
    ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????.
  • ????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????
    ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????????? ,
    ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ( ?????
    ???? ???? ?????).
  • ???? Seed ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (
    ???? ?? ??? ????? ? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? Dr )
    ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ( ??? (200
  • ? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? , ???
    ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? , ?? ?????? ?? ????
    ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????.

59
??? ???? ????????
  • ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????????
    ??????.
  • ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????
    ???????? , ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ? ??????
    ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? .
  • ??????? ?????? ?????? USC

60
?????? ?????? ???????
  • ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????
    ???????? ?? ?????? ,? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????
    ?????? ?????? (??? ????? ????? ????).
  • ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ? ?????
    ?????? , ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ? ??
    ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? , ????? ????? ??
    ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ,???????? ,????
    ????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????.
  • ???? (Finn 1970) ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
    ?????? ????? ????? (?? ????? ??????? ????? ) ?
    ???? ????? ?????? (????? ??????? ?????) ??????
    ???? ???? ??????? .
  • ???? (Seed 1976) ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????
    ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????
    ??????? (Dr) ?????? ??????? , ??? ??? ???? ???
    ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????
    ?????? ( 1.5).

61
???? ???????? ????????
  • ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???
  • 1- ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???
    ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? , ? ???????
    ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? .
  • 2- ??? ????? ???? ???????? , ???? ???? ??????
    ?????? ?????? ???? ???????.
  • ??? Hu Xi (1991) ????? ???????? ??????? ???????
  • 1- ????? ???? ??????? ?? (100 ) ???? ?????? ????
    ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??
    ???? ??????? ?????? (0.5 ) ???? ?????? ??????
    ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ( 20-30 ).
  • 2- ???????? , ????? ???? ??????? , ????? ??? ??
    ???? ???? , ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????
    ??????.
  • 3- ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? , ???? ?? ???? ?????
    ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??
    ????? , ? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??
    ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????.
  • - ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ,
    ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? .

62
  • ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????
    ???? ????????? ???????
  • Cyclic direct shear test ?????? ???? ???????
    ??????
  • Cyclic triaxial test
  • ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????
  • Shake Table
  • ????? ????????

63
??????
?? ???? ??????
?? ???? ?? ?????
?? ???? ???
64
Cyclic Direct Shear Test ????? ???? ??????? ??????
65
Cyclic Direct Shear Test ????? ???? ??????? ??????
  • ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????
    ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????
    ???????. ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ,??? ??
    ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ,? ???????
    ???? ??????? ??????? ???
  • ( ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????).?? ???
    ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ????
    ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? .
  • ? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?
    ???????? ? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???
    ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????
    ?????? ,???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ? ??????? ?????
    ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????
    ??????? ?????? ??? ? ????

66
Cyclic Direct Shear Test ????? ???? ??????? ??????
????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????
67
????? ?????????? ?????????
  • ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????
    ?????? ?????? ???? Monterey ???????? ???? ????
    ?????? , ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????
  • 1- ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ? ??????? ???????
    , ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????
    ?????? ??? ??????.
  • 2- ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ? ??? ???? ?????
    ??????? ,??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????
    ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????.
  • 3- ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ? ??? ???? ?????
    ????????? , ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????
    ,????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????.

68
?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???
??? Monterey (Peacock and Seed,1968).
69
  • ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?
    ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? (
    ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ????? ????? ?????)
  • ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? (80) , ??? ??????
    ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ,?????
    ???? ??? ?? ????? . ??? ?????? ????? ???? (?
    ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????
    ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????) ??? ??????? ???? ???
    ????.

70
????? ???? ???????? Influence of Test Condition
  • ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? , ???? ????? ??? ???
    ???????? (??? ???????) ?? ???? ???????, ??? ????
    ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????
    ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ,??? ???? ???
    ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????, ?
    ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? , ???? ????
    ????? ??????? ?? ???? ,??? ?????? ???????? ??
    ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? (15-50) ?? ??? ???? ???
    ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, ???
    ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? Seed and Peacock, 1971
    ,??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? (20) ??
    ????? ???????? ,?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? .

71
????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??
??????? ??????
  • ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ,?????
    ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????
    ?????? ?? ???? ?????? . ???? ??????
    ,????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? (OCR). ? ???? ?????
    ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????
    ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????
    ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ? ??? ?????
    ???? ?????? ?????? , ??? ???? ????? ??
    ?????? , ? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????
    ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????
    ?? ??? ???? ????? ??

72
????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? Rate
of Excess Pore Water Pressure Increase
  • ??? ???? ?? Seed and Booker, 1977 ? Delba ,Chan
    and Seed, 1975 ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????
    ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????
    ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????
    ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????
    ??????? ?????? , ?????? ??????? ????? ????
    ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? (Seed, Martin,
    and Lysmer , 1975)
  • ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????.
  • ??? ???? ?????? ??????.
  • ??? ????? ????? ????? ????.
  • ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????
    ?????? ??? ?????? ??????.
  • ???? ????? ??????? (0.7).

73
? ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ?? , ???? ??
????? ????????
  • ???
  • ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????
    ?????? ????? ?????? ??????.

74
???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????
???? ??????? (Seed and Booker,1977).
75
?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????
??????? ? ???? ??????? - RD50 (DeAlba, Seed
and Chan 1976).
76
????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????????
?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????
??????? ? ???? ???????- RD50
77
Cyclic Triaxial Test ????? ???????? ???????
??????? ??????
78
?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? Dynamic
Triaxial Test
  • ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????
    ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? (4a) ? ???? ?????? ???
    ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????
    ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????
    ?? ????? (4b), ? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???
    ?????? ? ???????
    ??????
  • ??? ?? ????? (4c) ,???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???
    ?????? ??? ????? ?? ? ??????? ????? ??? ??????
    ??????? ?????? ?? ????? (4d) , ? ???? ?????????
    ??????? ??? ??????? x-x ??????? ??????? ?????
    , ????? ????
  • ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? y-y ???????
    ??????? ?????
  • ????? ????
  • ???? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
    ??? ?? ????? (4e), ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????
    ???????? ????? ?? ????? (4f). ? ???? ?????????
    ??????? ??? ??????? x-x ??????? ??????? ?????
    ,??????? ????
  • ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? y-y
    ??????? ??????? ?????
  • ????? ????

79
  • ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ????
    ?????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????????, ??? ??????
    ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? x-x,
    y-y? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????
    ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? (3b). ??????? ?????
    ?????? ,??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??
    ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????
    ,?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????
    ??????? ??? ,???? ?????? ???????? ,??? ?? ???? ??
    ????? (5a). ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ? ?????
    ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????
    ???????? ??????? . ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????
    (5b) ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????
    (5c) ? (5d). ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????
    (5d) ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????
    ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??
    ???????? ??????? ,???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????
    ??????? ??????? ?? ????? (5b) ? ???? ?? ??? ????
    ??????? ??????? ?? ?????(4c) ?? ???? ??? ???
    ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????
    ????? ?? ????? (5c). ???? ????? , ??? ???????
    ?????? ?? ????? (5e) ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????
    (5f) ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? (5g). ?????
    ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? (5g) ?? ??? ??????
    ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ????
    ??????? ??????? ?? ????? (5e), ???? ?????? ????
    ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??
    ??? ??????? ?? ????? (5f).

80
?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????
?????? ????? ???????.
81
(No Transcript)
82
???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????
???? ????? ? ???? ?????? ???????, ?? ???????
??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????
???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????
??????? (20 ) ? ????? ??????.
83
?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???
Sacramento ?????? (a) ???? ???????? ???????
??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????. (b) ??????
??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????
????? ???????. (c) ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????
(?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????) ???????
???? ???? ????? ??????? (Seed and Lee,1966).
84
?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???
Sacramento ?????? (a) ???? ???????? ???????
??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? , (b) ??????
?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????
????? ??????? ??????? (Seed and Lee,1966).
85
????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?
????? ????? ???????
  • ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????
    ? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????
    ??????? ?????? ??????, ????? ?? ???????? ?????
    ????? ??????? ,??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????
    , ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????
    ????? ???? , (?? ??? ???
    ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???
    ??????)Seed and Peacock (1971) , ???? ?????????
    ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????
  • ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????
    ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??
    ????? ?????? ,???? ?? ???? ???? ???? , ?? ????
    ????? ????? ????? ???????, ??? ??? ?????? ????
  • ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?
    ???????
  • ??

86
  • 2- ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ? ?? ??????
    ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????
    ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??
    ?????? , ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????
    ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????
    ??????? ? ??? ???? ??? ???
    ??????? ??????? .
  • 3- ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ??
    ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????
    ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
    ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????
    ??????
  • ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????
  • ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????
  • ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ,???? ????? ????
    ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ???????
    ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? (Consolidation)
    ? ???????

87
(No Transcript)
88
  • ??
  • 4- ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????
    ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???????
    ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????
    ???????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ,????
    ??? ?????? ?????? ?
    ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????
    ? ???????
  • ? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????

89
  • ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ???????.
  • ? ?? ??? ?????? ???????
  • ? ?? ??? ?????? ???????
  • ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????
    ??? ,????? ?? ?????? ?????? ,???? ?? ??? ??????
    ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ,
    ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? (45-50) ?
    ??????? ?????? ??????? 47.
  • ???? Finn, Emery and Gupta (1971) ??? ?? ????
    ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ,
    ????? , ???? ???? ???? ??
    ????? ???????? (Jaky, 1944)

90
  • ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????
    ???????
  • ????? Castro (1975) ????? ????? ???????? ??????
    ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????
    Octahedral Shear Stress ??? ???????
    ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?
    ????? ????????
  • ??? ????????? ????????
    ???????? ??????? , ?????? ? ?????? ??? ???????.

91
  • ????? ???? ???? ???????
    ?????? ? ????? ????????
  • ??? ????????? ????????
    ???????? , ??????? ? ???????? ???? ???????
    ??????. ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???????
    ??????? ???
  • ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????
  • ? ???????

92
  • ??
  • ??
  • ? ??????? ???

93
????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????
????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????
  • ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??
    ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? (15-50) ??
    ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? , ?
    ???????
  • ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????
    ?? ????? ??????, ? ???????
  • ???

94
???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????
???????? ???? ????? ?? ? ???
??????? ?? ????? ?????? , ??????? ???? ?????? ???
???? ?? ??????? ??????? , ??? ?? ???? ??
????? ??????
95
???? ?? ??????? ???????
96
?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ,???????? ????
??????? ?????? ? ???????? ????? ????? ???????
?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ,? ??? ,
??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????
????? ? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??
???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ? ???????
????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????
??????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????
??????? ???????
97
  • ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????
    ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????
    ????? ? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????
    ?????? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????
    ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????
    ????? ? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????
    ???? ??????, ? ??????? ???

98
?????? ???????? ??????? SPT
99
?????? ???????? ??????? SPT
100
?????? ???????? ??????? SPT
101
?????? ???????? ??????? SPT
102
?????? ???????? ??????? SPT
103
????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????CRR ?????????
??? ?????? SPT
??? Em?????? ??????? (0.45,0.6) Cb ???? ?????
??? ??? ?????? (1,1.05,1.15) Cr ???? ????? ???
?????? (0.75,0.85,0.95,1) N ??? ??????? ???????
??????? ??? 305 ?? ?? ??????
??? ??????? ???????? ??????
104
(No Transcript)
105
(No Transcript)
106
(No Transcript)
107
(No Transcript)
108
(No Transcript)
109
(No Transcript)
110
  • ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????
    ????? ?????? ???????

111
(No Transcript)
112
  • t rD (?h amax )/g
  • ???
  • t ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????
  • ? ????? ?????? ??????.
  • amax ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????
  • g ????? ???????? ???????
  • h ?????? ??????
  • rD ???? ????? ????????? , ? ?????
    ????? ???? ??????

113
(No Transcript)
114
(No Transcript)
115
  • ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????
    ????? ,????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????
    ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? . ? ??????? ??????
    ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? 0.65
  • ?????Seed et al ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????
    ????? ????????? ???????? Neq (???? ????? 65 ??
    ????? ???? ?????? ??????? i.e. tcyc0.65 tmax)
    ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????

116
(No Transcript)
117
(No Transcript)
118
  • ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????????
    ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????
    ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ???????
  • tav 0.65 rD (?h amax )/g
  • ???
  • tav ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????
  • ? ????? ?????? ??????.
  • amax ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????
  • g ????? ???????? ???????
  • h ?????? ??????
  • rD ????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????
    ??????
  • rD 1 - 0.012 Z
  • Z ????? ?????? ??????

119
(No Transcript)
120
????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? CRR
121
????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? CRR
122
????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? CRR
123
??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ??????
???????? ????? ??????? ??????
  • (th/sv) ???? ??????? Cr (1/2 x sd/s3 )?????
    ???????
  • ??? th ????? ???? ?????? (th/sv)????
    ??????? ??????cyclic resistance ratio CRR
  • sv ??????? ????????
  • sd ??? ???????deviator stress s3 ?????
    ??????? ??????
  • Cr ????? ?????

124
(No Transcript)
125
  • ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????
    ??????? ???????,???? ???????
  • (tavg/sv) Cr(1/2 x sd/s3)????? ???????
  • ?? ???
  • RD2/RD1
  • ???RD1 ?? ??????? ??????? ????????
  • RD2?? ??????? ??????? ???????

126
  • ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???
    ??????? ????? ?????? CSR (1/2 x sd/s3) ???
    ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????,
    ? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????
    ,????? ???? ??????? ??? CSR ? ??? ????? ?????
    ?????????.

127
???? ???? ???? CSR ????? ?????? ??? ??????? D 50
128
?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????(SPT)
??????CSR ?? ??? ???????. ? ??????? ???? ?????
?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??
???????   ? CSR x sv   ??? sv ???????
???????? ??????
129
(No Transcript)
130
(No Transcript)
131
(No Transcript)
132
  • ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????
    cyclic shear stresses ?
  • ?????? ???? the shear resistance ??? ??????
    ???????? ,??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??
    ????????? ????????.
  • ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????
    ,???? ???? ??????.

133
(No Transcript)
134
(No Transcript)
135
(No Transcript)
136
?????? ???????? ???????? CPT
137
?????? ???????? ???????? CPT
138
?????? ???????? ???????? CPT
139
?????? ???????? ???????? CPT
?????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ????
?????. ?????? ??????? ????????.
140
?????? ???????? ???????? CPT
141
(No Transcript)
142
(No Transcript)
143
(No Transcript)
144
(No Transcript)
145
(No Transcript)
146
(No Transcript)
147
??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????
148
(No Transcript)
149
???? ????? ???? ???????
150
????? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??????
151
(No Transcript)
152
(No Transcript)
153
(No Transcript)
154
(No Transcript)
155
(No Transcript)
156
(No Transcript)
157
?????? ?????? ??????
????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????
158
?????? ?????? ??????
159
????? CRR ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????????
160
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? CRR
161
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? CRR
162
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? CRR
163
Vibrocompactage
Barrage de lOued Ziatine - Cap Serrat (Tunisie)
164
(No Transcript)
165
Collonnes Ballastees
166
Collonnes Ballastees
167
(No Transcript)
168
Dynamic Compaction
169
Dynamic Compaction
170
Vibroflotation
171
Vibroflotation
172
Prechargement
173
?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????
174
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????
175
(No Transcript)
176
????
  • ????? ???? ??? , ????
  • ?? ??? ??????? ???????? , ??? ????? ???????
    ????????? ??????? ???????? (?? ??? ????? ????? )
    ?? ?????? ????? ????? (30) , ? ??? ????? ???????
    ????? (65) ?????. ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ,??
    ????? ?? (12) ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????
    (?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ) ?????
    ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????. ??????? ??
    ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? (0.25) ? ?
    (rg 0.6) ,??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????
    ???????.
  •  

177
????
?? ???
178
???????? ????? ??????
179
?? ???
???????? ????? ??????
180
? ???????
181
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??
??????? ????
182
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??
??????? ????
183
??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??
??????? ????
184
??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??
??????? ????
185
??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??
??????? ????
186
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??
??????? ????
187
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??
??????? ????
188
?????? ?????? ??????
189
?????? ?????? ??????
190
?????? ?????? ??????
191
????? ?????? ??????? ???? Vertical Rigid Inclusion
????? ???? ??????, ? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?
??? ???? ????????, ????? ? ????? ????????
192
????? Mat
??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????
???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????
193
????? ???? ? ????? ????
??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??
??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?
???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????.
194
????? ????????
195
????? ???????? ??????? ?????
196
(No Transcript)
197
?? ??????
?????? ??????
198
????? ?????? ???????? ?????
??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???
??? ??????? ???? ??????(????? 4 ?) ???? ??? ?????
??? ??? ????, ? ??? ????? ??? ?????.? ???? ???
??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
????? ,????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???
????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????????.
199
????? ?????? ???????? ?????
200
??? ??????
201
(No Transcript)
202
(No Transcript)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com