Macular Degeneration : causes, symptoms and treatment

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Macular Degeneration

• CAUSES SYMPTOMS TREATMENT

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INTRODUCTION TO Macular Degeneration

• The front of the eye contains a lens that focuses
  images on the retina in the back of the eye. The
  retina contains special nerve cells that react to
  light. These nerve cells are very close together
  in the middle of the retina, where the eye
  focuses the images that we see. This part of the
  retina is called the macula. The macula provides
  sharp vision that enables you to see small
  detail, read fine print, recognize faces, and see
  signboards. 
• Macular degeneration is an eye disease and is the
  most common type of macular damage in adults.
  Because the disease develops as a person ages, it
  is often known as age-related macular
  degeneration (AMD). AMD is the leading cause
  of vision loss in people over the age of 50
  around the world. 

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Causes of age-related macular degeneration

• The precise cause of age-related macular
  degeneration is unknown to the medical
  fraternity. However, there are some risk factors
  including
• Genetic factors
• Nutritional factors
• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• Exposure to direct sunlight over a period of
  years
• Certain medical conditions

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types of age-related macular degeneration

• There are two types of age-related macular
  degeneration, the dry and the wet form.
• The dry form affects about 85-90 percent of
  patients and usually begins when tiny yellow
  deposits called drusen appear in the
  macula. Drusen usually do not cause serious loss
  of vision, but can distort vision. 
• The wet form occurs in about 10-15 percent of
  patients. It is caused by the growth of abnormal
  blood vessels beneath the macula that can leak
  fluid and blood into the eye. The wet form
  normally causes major vision problems, such as
  blind spots and loss of central vision, in the
  affected eye, and can advance rapidly.

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SYMPTOMS of age-related macular degeneration

• Age-related macular degeneration doesn't have
  symptoms and is not recognized until it affects
  vision. The first symptom of this eye disease is
  usually noticed when straight lines appear wavy.
  This may lead to a gradual loss of central
  vision. Other symptoms include
• Blurring and dimming of vision
• A dark or blank spot in the centre of the vision
• The size or colour of something looks different
  when viewed through different eyes

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TREATMENT of age-related macular degeneration

• Anti-angiogenesis medications There are several
  drugs that prevent the growth of abnormal blood
  vessels. These drugs are injected into the eye to
  cause the blood vessels to shrink. This treatment
  may improve vision in some patients and stabilize
  it in most patients.
• Photodynamic therapy The eye doctor injects a
  light-sensitive drug into the bloodstream to be
  absorbed by the abnormal blood vessels in the
  eye. He/She then shines a cold laser into the eye
  to activate the drug, damaging the abnormal blood
  vessels.
• Laser therapy High-energy lights are used to
  destroy actively growing abnormal blood vessels.

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