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Title: Digital Electronics Circuit


1
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS CIRCUIT
  • P.K.NAYAK
  • ASST. PROFESSOR
  • SYNERGY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

2
SYLLABUS
  • B.TECH.4TH.SEMESTER
  • CPES 5203 (3-1-0)

3
MODULE-1
4
Unit-1Number System and Codes
Binary Number base Conversation, Octal and Hexa
decimal numbers, Complements, Signed Binary
Numbers, Binary Codes- BCD Codes, Gray Code,
ASCII Character Code, Codes for serial data
transmission and storage.
5
Unit-2Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates.
Axiomatic definition of Boolean algebra. Basic
Theorem and properties of Boolean
Algebra, Boolean functions Canonical and
Standard form Minterms and maxterms. Digital
Logic Gates, Multiple inputs.
6
MODULE-2
7
Unit-3Gate Level Minimization
The Map Method, K- Maps, Input Five
Variables, Product of Sum Simplification, Don't
care conditions. AND and NOR Implementation,
EX-OR function, Parity generation and
Checking, Hardware description Language(HDL)
8
Unit-4COMBINATIONAL LOGIC
Combinational Circuits, Analysis and Design
Procedure Binary Adder- Sub tractor, Decimal
Adder, Binary Multiplier. Magnitude Comparator,
Decoders, Encoders, Multipliers, HDL for
Combinational Circuits.
9
MODULE-3
10
Unit-5Synchronous Sequential Logic
Sequential Circuit, Latches, Flip-Flop,
Analysis of Clocked Sequential Circuits, HDL
for Sequential Circuits, State Reduction and
Assignment. Design Procedure.
11
Unit-6Registers and Counters
Shift Register, Ripple Counters, Synchronous
Counters, Asynchrous Counters, Ring
Counters, Modulo-N Counters . HDL for Registers
and Counters.
12
MODULE-4
13
Unit-7Memory and Programmable Logic.
Random Access Memory (RAM), Memory Decoding,
Error Detection And Correction, Read only
Memory, Programmable Array Logic, Sequential
Programmable Devices.
14
Unit-8Register Transfer Levels.
Register transfer level notation, Register
transfer level in HDL, Algorithm, State
Machine, Design Examples. HDL Description of
Design, Examples, Binary Multiplier, HDL,
Description of Binary Multiplier.
15
Unit-9Digital Integrated Logic Circuits.
RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS and CMOS
Logic Circuits. Switch- Level Modeling with HDL.
16
TEXT BOOKS.
1-DIGITAL DESIGN 3rd.Edition by M.Morries
Mano, Pearson Edu. India. 2-DIGITAL
DESIGN-Principle Practice 3rd.Edition by
John F. Wokerly, Pearson Edu. India.
17
Digital Design Morris Mano, M. Mano
18
Digital Design Principles and Practices  By John
F. Wakerly
19
Introduction
20
  • Digital means anything which has to do with
    digits, but in today's world digital means CMOS,
    TTL gates, flip-flops, processors, computers.

21
Numerical Presentation
The quantities that are to be measured,
monitored, recorded, processed and controlled
are analog and digital, depending on the type of
system used. It is important when dealing with
various quantities that we be able to represent
their values efficiently and accurately. There
are basically two ways of representing the
numerical value of quantities analog and
digital.
22
Analog Representation
  • Systems which are capable of processing a
    continuous range of values varying with respect
    to time are called analog systems.
  • In analog representation a quantity is
    represented by a voltage, current, or meter
    movement that is proportional to the value of
    that quantity.
  • Analog quantities such as those cited above have
    an important characteristic they can vary over a
    continuous range of values.

23
Diagram of analog voltage vs. time
24
Digital Representation
  • Systems which process discrete values are called
    digital systems. In digital representation the
    quantities are represented not by proportional
    quantities but by symbols called digits.
  • As an example, consider the digital watch, which
    provides the time of the day in the form of
    decimal digits representing hours and minutes
    (and sometimes seconds). As we know, time of day
    changes continuously, but the digital watch
    reading does not change continuously rather, it
    changes in steps of one per minute (or per
    second).
  • In other words, time of day digital
    representation changes in discrete steps, as
    compared to the representation of time provided
    by an analog watch, where the dial reading
    changes continuously.

25
  • Below is a diagram of digital voltage vs. time
    here input voltage changes from 4 Volts to -4
    Volts it can be converted to digital form by
    Analog to Digital converters (ADC).
  • An ADC converts continuous signals into samples
    per second. Well, this is an entirely different
    theory.

26
Diagram of Digital voltage vs time
27
  • The major difference between analog and digital
    quantities, then, can be stated simply as
    follows  
  • Analog continuous
  • Digital discrete (step by step)

28
Advantages of Digital Techniques
  • Easier to design. Exact values of voltage or
    current are not important, only the range (HIGH
    or LOW) in which they fall.
  • Information storage is easy.
  • Accuracy and precision are greater.

29
  • Operations can be programmed. Analog systems can
    also be programmed, but the available operations
    variety and complexity is severely limited.
  • Digital circuits are less affected by noise, as
    long as the noise is not large enough to prevent
    us from distinguishing HIGH from LOW (we discuss
    this in detail in an advanced digital tutorial
    section).
  • More digital circuitry can be fabricated on IC
    chips.

30
Limitations of Digital Techniques
  • Most physical quantities in real world are analog
    in nature, and these quantities are often the
    inputs and outputs that are being monitored,
    operated on, and controlled by a system. Thus
    conversion to digital format and re-conversion to
    analog format is needed.
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