Megaloblastic Anaemia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and preventions.

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Megaloblastic Anaemia

• Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment
  Preventions

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What is Megaloblastic Anaemia ?

• Megaloblastic anaemia is a type of anaemia
  characterized by the formation of unusually
  large, abnormal and immature red blood cells
  called as megaloblasts by the bone marrow, which
  are released into the blood.

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Causes of Megaloblastic Anaemia

• Vitamin B12 deficiency
• Folate deficiency
• Drugs
• Myelodysplastic syndromes
• Acute leukemia

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Symptoms of Megaloblastic Anaemia

• shortness of breath
• muscle weakness
• abnormal paleness of the skin
• glossitis (swollen tongue)
• loss of appetite/weight loss
• diarrhea
• nausea
• fast heartbeat
• smooth or tender tongue
• tingling in hands and feet
• numbness in extremities

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Diagnosis of Megaloblastic Anaemia

• Peripheral Blood Smear
• Bone Marrow Biopsy
• Serum Cobalamin
• Serum Folate
• Serum Methylmalonate and Homocysteine
• Routine Blood Count

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Treatment of Megaloblastic Anaemia

• Vitamin B-12 Deficiency In the case of
  megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B-12
  deficiency, you may need monthly injections of
  vitamin B-12. Oral supplements may also be given.
  Adding more foods with vitamin B-12 to your diet
  can help. Foods that have vitamin B-12 in them
  include
• eggs
• chicken
• fortified cereals (especially bran)
• red meats (especially beef)
• milk
• shellfish

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Treatment Continue

• Folate Deficiency Megaloblastic anemia caused by
  a lack of folate may be treated with oral or
  intravenous folic acid supplements. Dietary
  changes also help boost folate levels. Foods to
  include in your diet include
• oranges
• leafy green vegetables
• peanuts
• lentils
• enriched grains

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Preventions of Megaloblastic Anaemia

• Avoid alcohol.
• Make sure you are receiving adequate iron in your
  diet.
• Take a vitamin B supplement several times a week
  if you take medication that reduces stomach acid.

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Diet of Megaloblastic Anaemia

• Sources of folic acid
• Legumes, nuts, whole grain cereals, yeast
• Green vegetables, broccoli, asparagus, okra,
  cauliflower, and brussel sprouts.
• Oranges, carrots, and cantaloupe.
• Sources of B-12
• Animal products
• Meat, eggs, milk
• Vitamin supplements

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Diet Continue

• Sources of thiamine
• Dried peas, beans, legumes, peanuts, and peanut
  butter
• Green leafy vegetables
• Nuts
• Protein-rich foods meat
• Wheat germ, whole grain bread and cereal

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