6th grade microorganisms

1
Microorganisms

• Evea Shurtz

2
What are the Characteristics of Microorganisms?

• Characteristics

• What Microorganisms require

• Single celled
• Unicellular

• food, air and water to dispose of waste
• Producers
• Make their own food by using sunlight as plants do

3
More Characteristics of Microorganisms

• Helpful or Hurtful?

• How are they classified?

• Some are helpful
• Some are hurtful
• Most are helpful and do not make you sick

• By shape
• Size
• Structure
• How they get food
• Where they live
• How they move

4
Different Types of Microorganisms

• Bacteria

• Bacteria continued

• The smallest and simplest living thing
• Single celled
• Has no nucleus-called Salmonella
• (Salmonella causes food poisoning)
• Millions and trillions of bacteria that are good
  live in or on our body

• Bacteria are the most abundant of organisms on
  Earth
• Live in most environments
• They are found in
• The ocean
• soil
• Animal intestines
• Rocks below the earths surface

5
How many bacteria are in there in the world?

• It is estimated to be 5x10 to the power of 30 or
• Five million trillion trillion!
• How many bacteria do you have on and in you?
• More then you have cells in your body

6
Where do you find bacteria?

• Are bacteria living things?

• How do they obtain energy?

• They are individual cells
• Their cells are similar to human cells but
  different
• They are able to adapt to their environment
• They have a wide range of metabolism
• Their metabolism determines where they live

• From the what ever is around them
• They can live in practically any environment
• Bacteria is the most numerous species on the
  planet

7
How do bacteria reproduce?

• By binary fission
• What is Binary Fission?
• This is called asexual reproduction
• A parent cell splits in two identical daughter
  cells
• Under ideal conditions the bacteria population
  doubles every 20 min.
• This is an adaptation to a unstable environment

• example
• 0
• 00
• 0000
• 00000000
• 0000000000000000
• 00000000000000000000000000000000
• 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
  00000000000000

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What is Fungi?

• Blue green mold growing on a piece of bread
• A mushroom that you eat on a pizza
• An antibiotic that the doctor prescribed to you
• Fungi belong to the kingdom Fungi
• Fungi is not a plant or an animal
• They do not photosynthesize or eat
• They absorb
• Most fungi are multi-cellular, some exist as
  single cells
• Yeast, mold and mushrooms are all fungi

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More about fungi

• There are over 1.5 million species of fungi
• Most fungi cannot be seen without a microscope or
  they live where you cannot see them easily
• Where are they found?
• deep soil
• Under decaying logs
• Inside plants
• Inside animals
• In or on top of other fungi

• Mushrooms
• Yeast
• Mold
• Fungi are important in almost every ecosystem on
  Earth

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Why do we need fungi?

• Fungi helps to decompose matter to release
  nutrients and make nutritious food for other
  organisms.
• What habitats is Fungi found in?
• Deserts
• In land
• Aquatic habituate
• Soil
• Dead matter
• Symbiotic relationships with plants animals or
  other organic matter on earth

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Fungi Continued

• Decomposition of dead organisms returns nutrient
  to soil and the environment
• Bracket fungus
• What does fungus have in common with mold?
• The bracket fungus does not look like mold but it
  has a lot in common with mold
• It breaks down organic matter to obtain nutrients
• They both reproduce spores
• They are both eukaryotic-contains cells that
  contain a nucleus and other cell parts
• However, they are not plants or animals they are
  both Fungi

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Fungi are consumers

• Fungi are Heterotrophs they eat by absorption
• The largest part of fungi are underground

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How do fungi eat?

• They squirt special enzymes into their
  environment
• The enzymes help digest large organic molecules
  (similar to you cutting up our food before you
  eat it0
• Cells of the fungi then absorb the broken down
  the other nutrients

• What do Fungi Consume?
• They decompose dead organic matter
• They feed on living host
• They live mutualistically, in a naturally
  beneficial relationship, with other organisms

14
Common types of Fungi

• Pictures of penicillium, morels, shitake,
  Cremini, oyster, Bakers yeast

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Kingdom Protista

• Protista areeukaryotes
• Not fungi
• Not animals
• Not plants
• Protista are rule breakers
• They look different from kingdoms of life
• They look different from each other
• Some are tiny unicellular, (like amoeba)
• Some are large like multicellular (like seaweed)
• Structurally simple compared to plants

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What are Protista Habitats?

• Most are aquatic
• They need a moist environment to survive
• Found manly in
• damp soil
• Marshes
• Lakes
• ocean

• Some are free living organisms
• Some have symbiotic relationships
• They live in or on other organisms including
  humans

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How do Protista move?

• They have three types of appendages for movement
• Flagella-whip like structure used to propel an
  organism through water
• Cilia-small hair like structures used to move
  that may completely cover the Protista
• Pseudopods-a temporary foot-like extension of the
  cytoplasm which helps the organism to move

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Protista

• Amoeboidpseudopods
• Ciliatecilia
• Flagellate--flagella

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Animal Like Protista

• Protozoaanimal like Protista
• Single celled eukaryotes that share some of the
  same traits as animals
• They are heterotrophs-they eat outside them
  selves instead of producing
• Pseudopodscell surface extends out like a foot
  to propel the cell forward
• Paramecium has cilia that propel them

• Flagellates have long flagella or tails that
  rotate like a propeller-like fashion pushing
  Protista through its environment

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Plant Like Protista

• Known as Algae
• Are autotrophs and produces
• They perform photosynthesis to produce sugar by
  using carbon dioxide and water and energy from
  the sun
• They do not have true stems, roots, or leaves
• Most live in the ocean, ponds, or lakes
• Protista can be unicellular or single celled
• Seaweed and kelp are examples of multicellular
  plant like protest
• Kelp can be as large as a tree from a forest in
  the ocean

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Protista continued

• Diatoms

• Seaweed

• Single celled plant like Protista

• Multi-Celled plant like Protista
• Protista are the basis for marine food chain and
  they produce oxygen through photosynthesis

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Algae Why is it considered plant like?

• Algae contains chloroplast and production of food
  through photosynthesis
• Algae do not have roots, steam or leaves
• They can move with pseudopods or flagella
• Algae are not plants them selves, they may be the
  ancestors of plants
• (Types of Algae) Red, brown, green, euglenas' and
  dinoflagellates

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FungusLike Protista

• http//www.goo.gl/8EvBiU
• What is on this plant?
• This is called water mold

• Fungus like Protista are heterotrophs or
  consumers
• They have cell walls
• They reproduce by forming spores like fungi
• They do not move
• Two major types of fungus-like Slime molds
  Protista are..
• Water molds
• Slime molds

24
Viruses

• A virus is not a microorganism
• A virus is a genetic material surrounded by a
  protein
• Virus are tiny particles that can cause disease
  like the flu or a cold
• Viruses are not cells at all but they are alive
• Viruses contain DNA
• Lack of other parts are shared by cells like
  plasma membranes, cytoplasm and ribosomes
• Viruses cannot reproduce by themselves
• They infect living host and use the host cells to
  copy their own DNA

25
Review of Microorganisms

• Algae a plant like protest without roots, stems
  or leaves
• Autotrophs organisms that make food for
  themselves through photosynthesis also know as
  producers
• Bacteria The smallest and simplest type of
  living things, single-celled, and having no
  nucleus
• Cilia small, hair-like structures used to move
• Eukaryotic cells that contain a nucleus an other
  cell parts
• Flagella whip-like structures used to propel and
  organism through water
• Fungi a group of organisms that absorbs its
  nutrients from its surroundings
• Heterotrophs organisms that obtain their food
  from outside of themselves, also know as
  consumers

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Review continued

• Microorganisms a living thing too small for the
  human eye to see
• Organism a living thing
• Producers living things that make their own food
  from simple substances usually using sunlight, as
  plants do
• Protests a large and various group of eukaryotic
  organisms
• Protozoa animal-like Protista
• Pseudopod temporary, foot-like extensions of the
  cytoplasm
• Single-celled any living thing that has only
• Decompose to break down things into simpler
  materialsMutualistically a relationship in
  which tow different species both benefit

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Are Microorganisms good or Bad for us?

• Bacteria make our lives easier in many ways
• We could not survive without them
• They could not survive without us