Wireless power transfer by High frequency resonating coils

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Introduction

• The project is designed to develop a concept of
  wireless power transfer for several applications
  such as wireless powered electric vehicle in
  stores, airports, departmental stores etc. It can
  also charge a rechargeable battery or a cell
  phone wirelessly suitably modified for the
  purpose. AC 230V ,50 Hz mains is stepped down to
  low voltage ac by conventional 50 Hz iron cored
  transformer which is then rectified by a bridge
  rectifier to develop around 14 volt DC.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Block Diagram
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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Hardware Requirements

• HF-Transformer
• HF-diodes
• rectifier
• Bridge-MOSFETs drive
• Two air filled inductor coils
• Voltage regulator
• BULB
• MOSFET driver
• PWM inverter IC

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Software Requirements

• Keil compiler
• Languages Embedded C or Assembly

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Wireless power transmission

• The transmission of energy from one place to
  another without using wires which is also known
  as WiTricity.
• Generally conventional energy is transferred
  using copper wires which results in large Copper
  loss.
• But now-a-days this wireless transmission is made
  possible in using various technologies based on
  Resonant frequency ,Inductive coupling etc.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Need of Wireless power transmission

• As per studies, most electrical energy transfer
  is through wires.
• Most of the energy loss is during transmission
  as copper losses
• On an average, more than 30
• In India, it exceeds 40
• Billions, trillions of is spend on wires and in
  their installation.
• Waste management a challenge in 21 century.
• 40 billion disposal batteries added to e-waste
  every year.
• PVC is non-biodegradable.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Electro magnetic Inductive coupling

• It is based on the FARADAYS LAW OF
  ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
• Make use of coils. The coils are not connected
  through wire or any other kind of material.
• Transfer of energy is due to mutual induction.
• Its based on the concept that an oscillating
  electric field produces magnetic field and an
  oscillating magnetic field produces oscillating
  electric field

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
RESONANT INDUCTIVE COUPLING

• Same inductive coupling(EMI) concept but the
  coils here operate at their resonating
  frequency.
• Inductance induces current.
• Resonance makes both the coil to operate at same
  frequency.
• Fields are non-radiative in nature.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Types and Technologies

• Near-field techniques
• Inductive Coupling
• Resonant Inductive Coupling
• Air Ionization
• Far-field techniques
• Microwave Power Transmission (MPT)
• LASER power transmission

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
RIC VS INDUCTIVE COUPLING

• RIC is highly efficient
• RIC has much greater range than inductive
  coupling
• RIC is directional when compared to inductive
  coupling
• RIC can be one-to-many. but usually inductive
  coupling is one-to-one
• Devices using RIC technique are highly portable

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
HF transformers

• Electric power transmission over long distances.
• High-voltage direct-current HVDC power
  transmission systems.
• Large, specially constructed power transformers
  are used for electric arc furnaces used in
  steelmaking.
• Rotating transformers are designed so that one
  winding turns while the other remains stationary.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
HF transformers
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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
HF transformers

• A common use was the video head system as used in
  VHS and Beta video tape players.
• These can pass power or radio signals from a
  stationary mounting to a rotating mechanism, or
  radar antenna.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Rectifier

• Rectifiers are used in various devices,
  including
• DC power supplies
• Radio signals or detectors
• A source of power instead of generating current
• As flame rectification to detect the presence of
  flame
• High-voltage direct current power transmission
  systems

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Rectifier
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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Voltage Regulator

• A voltage regulator generates a fixed output
  voltage of a preset magnitude that remains
  constant regardless of changes to its input
  voltage or load conditions.
• There are two types of voltage regulators linear
  and switching.
• A linear regulator employs an active (BJT or
  MOSFET) pass device (series or shunt) controlled
  by a high gain differential amplifier.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Voltage Regulator

• It compares the output voltage with a precise
  reference voltage and adjusts the pass device to
  maintain a constant output voltage.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Description of HF transformers

• Electric power transmission over long distances.
• High-voltage direct-current HVDC power
  transmission systems
• Large, specially constructed power transformers
  are used for electric arc furnaces used in
  steelmaking.
• Rotating transformers are designed so that one
  winding turns while the other remains stationary.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Description of HF transformers

• A common use was the video head system as used in
  VHS and Beta video tape players.
• These can pass power or radio signals from a
  stationary mounting to a rotating mechanism, or
  radar antenna.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Working Principle

• AC 230V ,50 Hz mains is stepped down to low
  voltage ac by conventional 50 Hz iron cored
  transformer.
• Which is then rectified by a bridge rectifier to
  develop around 14 volt DC.
• This DC is again made to ac by a PWM inverter
  using half bridge concept comprising of  2
  MOSFETs.
• And 2 capacitors being  switched at 40 KHz which
  is then fed to a resonating high frequency coil
  acting as primary of an air core transformer.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Working Principle

• Another matching resonating coil formed as
  secondary drives a lamp load of 10 watts spaced
  at an air distance of 20 CMs.
• The overall efficiency of the power transfer in
  this case is more than 90 for perfectly coupled
  and matched series resonators.
• However, practically resonators with a Q of 1,000
  should be able to send power over a distance 9
  times the radius of the devices with an
  efficiency of 10.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Working Principle

• The secondary coil develops a voltage of 40 KHz
  at 12volt while it is kept spaced from the
  primary coil where air is used as the core.
• The output of the secondary can also be given to
  a high frequency bridge rectifier that can
  deliver DC which could then be regulated to
  maintain a constant voltage to a DC motor or
  current to feed to rechargeable battery or  a
  cell phone.
• However, the overall efficiency of
  the power transfer shall be less than 50 for all
  such weakly coupled series resonators.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Air Ionization

• Toughest technique under near-field energy
  transfer techniques
• Air ionizes only when there is a high field
• Needed field is 2.11MV/m
• Natural example Lightening
• Not feasible for practical implementation

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
APPLICATIONS

• Provides charging stations for handheld devices
  like phones ex powermat, removes the need for
  multiple power sockets
• Can operate appliances like tv
• Electric car manufacturers consider it for
  charging electric cars, currently using wires for
  this purpose is not entirely practical

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
ADVANTAGES

• Non-radiative energy transfer is safe for people
  and animals.
• Wastage of power is less.
• Highly resonant strong coupling provides high
  efficiency over distance.
• Does not interfere with radio waves.

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
Conclusion

• Wireless power transfer by High frequency
  resonating coils was designed and implemented.
  The project can be enhanced in future up to 1
  meter distance in space using resonators with a Q
  factor of 1,000 enabling it to send power over a
  distance 9 times the radius of the coil of 11 CMs
  .

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Wireless power transfer by High frequency
resonating coils
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