Zoogeography by Dr M.-Mofidi-Neyestanak 2015-16 Full final version

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??????? (Motility) ? ????????? (Sessility)
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??????? (Motility) ? ????????? (Sessility)
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heterotrophy vs autotrophy
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heterotrophy vs autotrophy
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?????? ? ?????????
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???? ???? ? ????? ?? ?????? ? ??????
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???????? (Doctrine) ?????? ???????
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????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????
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????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????
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????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????
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????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????
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????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????
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????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????
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????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????
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Co-evolution
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???? ? ???? ????
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?????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ? ??????
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?????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ? ??????
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?????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ? ??????
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?????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ? ??????
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????? Nestedness
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????? Nestedness
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????? Nestedness
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????? Nestedness
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????? Nestedness
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????? Nestedness
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????? Nestedness
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??? ???? ???? ???
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????? ?????
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????? ?????
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????? ?????
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?????? ???? ??
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??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????? (Equilibrium)
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??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????? (Equilibrium)
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??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????? (Equilibrium)
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??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????? (Equilibrium)
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??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????? (Equilibrium)
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??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????? (Equilibrium)
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??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????? (Equilibrium)
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??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????? (Equilibrium)
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??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????? (Equilibrium)
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??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????? (Equilibrium)
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??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????? (Equilibrium)
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????? ???- ???? ???? ????? ? ??????? ???
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????? ???- ???? ???? ????? ? ??????? ???
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? (species
range)
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????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? (species
range)
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????? ??????? (Glaciation )
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????? ??????? (Glaciation )
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????? ??????? (Glaciation )
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????? ??????? (Glaciation )
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Hothouseicehouse cycles
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????? ??????? (Glaciation )
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????? ??????? (Glaciation )
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????? ??????? (Glaciation )
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????? ??????? (Glaciation )
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????? ??????? (Glaciation )
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????? ??????? ???? ?? Beringia
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????? ??????? ???? ?? Beringia
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???? 1- ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? (Camelidae)
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???? 1- ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? (Camelidae)
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????? ??????? ???? ?? Panamanian Land Bridge
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????? ??????? ???? ?? Panamanian Land Bridge
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????? ??????? ???? ?? Panamanian Land Bridge
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????? ??????? ???? ?? Panamanian Land Bridge
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????? ??????? ???? ?? Panamanian Land Bridge
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???? 2- ???????? ?????? ?????????? (Marsupials)
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???? 2- ???????? ?????? ?????????? (Marsupials)
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???? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????
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??????? ????? ????????? ???????????????
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??????? ????? ????????? ???????????????
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??????? ????? ????????? ???????????????
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????? ???? ???? ?? ??? (The Species-Area
Hypothesis)
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????? ???? ???? ?? ??? (The Species-Area
Hypothesis)
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????? ???? ???? ?? ??? (The Species-Area
Hypothesis)
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????? ???? ???? ?? ??? (The Species-Area
Hypothesis)
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????? ???? ???? ?? ??? (The Species-Area
Hypothesis)
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????? ???? ??????? (????? ????????) ?? ????? ????
Wegner
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????? ???? ??????? (????? ????????) ?? ????? ????
Wegner
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????? ???? ??????? (????? ????????)
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????? ???? ??????? (????? ????????) ?? ????? ????
Wegner
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????? ??? ????
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????? ???? ??????? (????? ????????) ?? ????? ????
Wegner
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????? ???? ??????? (????? ????????) ?? ????? ????
Wegner
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????? ???? ??????? (????? ????????) ?? ????? ????
Wegner
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????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????
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????????? ??????????
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??????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? (Phanerozoic)
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??????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? (Phanerozoic)
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??????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? (Phanerozoic)
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