IMPORTANCE OF CRIME SCENE: COLLECTION & PRESERVATION OF EVIDENCE

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CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

• SHERLOCK INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE INDIA
  (SIFS INDIA)

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Crime Scene Investigation

• !! WHAT IS
  CRIME !!
• The word Crime is derived from the Latin root
  Cerno, meaning "I Decide, I Give Judgment.
• Crime is the breach of Rules or Laws for which
  some Governing Authority (via mechanisms such as
  legal systems) can Ultimately Prescribe a
  Conviction.

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Crime Scene Investigation

• !!
  PROSPECTUS !!
• Module-1 Crime Scene Investigations
• Module-2 Physical Evidence
• Module-3 Investigation Techniques
• Module-4 Glass Evidence
• Module-5 Soil Evidence
• Module-6 Paint Evidence
• Module-7 Tool Marks and Impressions
• Module-8 Fiber

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Crime Scene Investigation

• !! CRIME SCENE
  INVESTIGATION !!
• Based on the Scientific Method and the Locard
  Exchange Principle, Logic and Forensic
  Techniques Involve
• Recognition- Scene Survey, Documentation,
  Collection
• Identification- Comparison Testing
• Individualization- Evaluation and
  Interpretation
• Reconstruction- Reporting and Presenting
• Goals are to determine the following
• What happened
• Where did it happen
• When did it happen
• Why did it happen
• Who may have perpetrated these actions
• How was the incident carried out

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Crime Scene Investigation

• !! TYPE OF CRIME
  SCENE !!
• INDOOR CRIME SCENE Evidence at an indoor scene
  is generally less susceptible to loss,
  contamination and deleterious change. Indoor
  crime scenes are usually easier to secure and
  protect, and securing a scene can be as simple as
  closing a door.
• OUTDOOR CRIME SCENE The outdoor crime scene is
  the most vulnerable to loss, contamination, and
  deleterious change of physical evidence in a
  relatively short period of time. Individuals with
  access to the scene can potentially alter,
  destroy or contaminate evidence.

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Crime Scene Investigation

• !! TYPE OF
  EVIDENCE !!
• Direct Evidence that (if true) proves an
  alleged fact includes first hand observations
  such as eyewitness accounts. Confessions are
  also considered direct evidence. Also police
  dash videos
• Circumstantial Evidence is indirect evidence
  that can be used to imply a fact but that does
  not directly prove it but circumstantial
  evidence at a crime scene may provide a link
  between the crime scene and the suspect.
• Circumstantial evidence can be either physical
  or biological in nature.

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Crime Scene Investigation

• !! PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
  !!
• PHYSICAL EVIDENCE includes impressions such
  as
• Fingerprints
• Footprints
• Shoe Prints
• Tire Impressions
• Tool Marks
• Fibers
• Weapons
• Bullets
• Cartridge Cases.

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Crime Scene Investigation

• !! BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
  !!
• BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE includes
• Body Fluids
• Hair
• Plant Parts
• Natural Fibers.

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Crime Scene Investigation

• !! THE 7th CRIME SCENE
  INVESTIGATION !!
• Securing the Scene
• Separating the Witnesses
• Scanning the Scene
• Seeing the Scene
• Sketching the Scene
• Searching for Evidence
• Securing Collecting Evidence

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Crime Scene Investigation

• !! SECURING COLLECTING
  EVIDENCE !!
• 1Evidence can be massive to Microscopic.
• 2 May only be detected in a Crime Lab, ex.
  traces of Blood on Clothing, Hair and
  Fibers from Vacuum Sweeps.
• 3 It is sometimes necessary to confiscate
  clothing from victim and perp.
• 4 Critical areas should be vacuumed sweepings
  from different areas must be kept separate.
• 5 Finger nail scrapings must also be taken from
  suspects and victims.

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Crime Scene Investigation

• !! SECURING COLLECTING
  EVIDENCE !!
• All Evidence Needs to be Properly Packaged,
  Sealed and Labeled.
• The Evidence log should contain all Pertinent
  Information Including
• Case No
• Item Inventory No
• Description of the Evidence
• Name of Suspect
• Name of Victim
• Date Time of Recovery
• Signature of Person Recovering the Evidence
• Signature of any Witnesses Present

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