marine biome

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Marine Biome

• Marine flora, fauna and climatic conditions
• Done by
  Kaleab Midekessa

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Marine biome

• Marine regions cover about three-fourths of the
  Earth's surface and include oceans, coral reefs,
  and estuaries.
• Marine algae supply much of the world's oxygen
  supply and take in a huge amount of atmospheric
  carbon dioxide.
• The  marine biome is made up of three layers The
  euphotic zone, the disphotic zone, and the
  aphotic zone.
• The euphotic zone is where the most life is,
  because that's were sunlight pierces.
• The disphotic zone is dark and gloomy, and
  doesn't harvest as much life but still contains a
  large number.The third zone, the aphotic zone, is
  home only to the plants and animals that have
  adapted to the extreme to life in such harsh
  conditions.

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Oceans

• The largest of all the ecosystems, oceans are
  very large bodies of water that dominate the
  Earth's surface.
• The Ocean has different zones. These are
  intertidal, pelagic, abyssal, and benthic.
• All four zones have a great diversity of species.

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Intertidal zone

• The intertidal zone is where the ocean meets the
  land.
• There are only a few species of algae and
  mollusks.
• In those areas usually submerged during high
  tide, there is a more diverse array of algae and
  small animals, such as herbivorous snails, crabs,
  sea stars, and small fishes.
• At the bottom of the intertidal zone,, many
  invertebrates, fishes, and seaweed can be found.
• The fauna include worms, clams, predatory
  crustaceans, crabs, and shorebirds.

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Pelagic Zone

• The pelagic zone includes those waters further
  from the land, basically the open ocean.
• The pelagic zone is generally cold.
• The flora in the pelagic zone include surface
  seaweeds.
• The fauna include many species of fish and some
  mammals, such as whales and dolphins. Many feed
  on the abundant plankton.

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Abyssal Zone

• The deep ocean is the abyssal zone. The water in
  this region is very cold (around 3 C), highly
  pressured, high in oxygen content, but low in
  nutritional content.
• The abyssal zone supports many species of
  invertebrates and fishes.
• Chemosynthetic bacteria thrive near these vents
  because of the large amounts of hydrogen sulfide
  and other minerals they emit.
• These bacteria are thus the start of the food
  web as they are eaten by invertebrates and fishes.

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Benthic zone

• The benthic zone is the area below the pelagic
  zone, but does not include the very deepest parts
  of the ocean.
• The bottom of the zone consists of sand, slit,
  and/or dead organisms. Here temperature decreases
  as depth increases toward the abyssal zone, since
  light cannot penetrate through the deeper water.
• Flora are represented primarily by seaweed while
  the fauna, since it is very nutrient-rich,
  include all sorts of bacteria, fungi, sponges,
  sea anemones, worms, sea stars, and fishes.

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Marine Flaura

• The smallest marine plants are phytoplankton,
  which are single-celled and form the basis of the
  marine food chain.
• Few marine plants are angiosperms, although
  along tropical coasts, flowering marine plants
  often accumulate.
• Green algae (Chlorophyta) is the most common
  marine plant. Chlorophyll causes these algae to
  have bright green coloring.
• Red algae (Rhodophyta), tinted by the pigment
  phycoerythrin, are the largest type of marine
  plants and the most diverse. Some red algae
  adhere to corals, thus creating reefs.

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Other Marine Flaura
Algae coralline
Algae Dead mans fish
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Algae-Green-Grape
Algae-Green-Feather
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Algae-Papyrus-Print
Algae-Leafy-Flat-Blade
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Marine Fauna

• Great White Shark
• Perhaps the most formidible predator of the open
  ocean. The great white is notorious and is the
  subject of many myths and legends.

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• Whale Shark
• Much more placid than its infamous cousin, the
  whale shark is the largest species of fish on the
  planet.
• Hawksbill sea Turtle
• The shell trade once decimated populations of
  this turtle. However, populations are gradually
  recovering.

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• Bottlenose Dolphin
• Perhaps the most familiar member of the cetacean
  family, the bottlenose dolphin is one of the most
  intelligent sea animals.

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Climatic Conditions

• The climate of the marine biome is mostly
  varied. Since it is the largest biome in the
  world, the climate varies from -40 degrees
  fahreheit to over 100 degrees.
• The average temperature is 39 degrees
  fahrenheit, but it is warmer near the equator
  where the direct rays of sun can pierce the water
  and warm it. The coldest is in the north and
  south poles, where the water is close to freezing
  if not frozen (Glaciers). Also, the deeper the
  ocean is, the colder the water will be because
  the sunlight isn't directly piercing it.

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Rainfall
More than half of the world's rain fall over the
ocean for two reasons One, it's so large, and
two, the water cycle runs faster because the
biome is made of water. The average yearly
precipitation can add up to over 100 inches.
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