audio video production basics

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Audio Video Production Basics

• BOOBALAKRISHNAN, Assistant Professor
• Department of Visual Communication
• and Electronic Media
• PSG College of Arts Science, Coimbatore

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Microphones

• Microphones can be extremely breakable
• Do not blow or tap into them
• Do not drop them or throw them around

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Popping the Ps

• Announcing words that emphasize p, b, or t sounds
  naturally produce a sharp puff of air
• This can result in a pop or thumb in your
  recording if you speak too close to the
  microphone
• A windscreen on the mic can help

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Windscreens

• Foam ball-shaped accessory for the microphone
• Used to reduce unwanted sounds

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Dynamic Microphones

• Contains a mylar diaphragm attached to a small
  coil surrounding a tiny fixed magnet.
• When sound wave strikes, the diaphragm vibrates.
• A tiny voltage is generated based on the
  interaction between the magnet and coil.

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Microphone Pickup Patterns
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General Mic Tips

• Get your microphone as close to the source as
  possible.
• Even directional microphones pick up a little
  sound from most directions, so the closer the
  better - as long as you're not getting negative
  effects (plosives,
• mouth noises, etc)

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General Mic Tips

• Eliminate the Competition Think about the OTHER
  sounds in the room where you are recording. Two
  main sources of unwanted sound are
• noise this can be the noisy air conditioner,
  traffic outside, crowds in the hall.
• ambience may be the "live nature" of the room
  you're in, the unwanted echo.
• Do what you can to eliminate the problem and
  place your mic as close to your subject as
  possible.

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Lighting

• Three purposes of lighting
• Provide adequate illumination for the picture to
  be processed correctly by the camera
• To tell us what the objects on the screen look
  like, including space/depth relationships and
  time of day
• To establish the mood of a scene

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Hard and Soft Light

• Hard Light Very pronounced Directional
  Casts strong shadows
• Soft Light Light is diffused/spread out less
  shadows
• People look better with soft lights

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Directional vs. Diffused Light

• Directional Diffused

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Directional light

• Hard light casts a sharp, clearly defined shadow.
• When hard light is used to illuminate a face,
  imperfections in the skin stand out. The result
  is less than flattering.
• But in other applications, such as bringing out
  the texture in leather, or the engraving on a
  piece of jewelry, this can be an advantage. 

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Diffused light

• Soft (diffused) light has the opposite effect.
• It tends to hide surface irregularities and
  detail.
• Diffusers are used over the front of lights to
  soften and diffuse their beams. At the same time,
  diffusers also reduce the intensity of light. 

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How the Camera Works

• White light reflected off the subject is picked
  up by camera lens

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How the Camera Works

• A beam splitter fragments light into Red, Green,
  and Blue signals
• Each signal is sent to a respective color pickup
  tube or chip

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CHARGE COUPLED DEVICE - CCD

• - An integrated circuit (computer chip)
• Contains photosensitive pixels on the surface
  of the chip
• Each pixel emits electric signal when struck by
  light

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White Balance

• White Balance Used to balance the color of your
  shot.
• Point the camera at a white object (piece of
  blank paper or white wall)
• Object should be in the same light that you will
  use in shooting
• Press white balance button to adjust the
  sensitivity of the camera to the current light
  source

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White Balance

• An improperly white balanced camera can cause
  your video to appear yellow, greenish or reddish
  or yellower than it should
• Example

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White Balance

• If you move the camera into different light or
  the light source changes, then you will need to
  redo the white balance setting
• Some cameras do automatically re-balance the
  white

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Establishing Shots

• Many directors follow this simple formula
• First scene shot Wide, establishing shot to
  orient the viewer
• Second scene shot Closer proximity to main
  subject
• Third shot Main subject

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Camera Angles

• Use angles to keep the production interesting
• Angles can be used to manipulate audience
  perception

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High Camera Angle

• Positions the camera above eye level
• Camera shoots down at subject
• Used to show overview of area
• Used to make subject appear smaller

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Low Camera Angle

• Positions the camera below eye level
• Camera shoots up toward the subject
• Used to give sense of power to subject

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Canted Angle

• Camera is tilted on a horizontal plane
• Used to convey sense of excitement or instability
• Simply tilt the camera to achieve this effect

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ALL THE BEST GUYS
ALL THE BEST GUYS