GEORGIA GRADUATION SCIENCE REVIEW

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GEORGIA GRADUATION SCIENCE REVIEW

• BIOLOGY

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DNA AND ITS BASES
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MAKE-UP OF DNA
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WHAT IS MITOSIS?

• CELL DIVISION PRODUCING TWO DUPLICATE CELLS WITH
  THE SAME CHROMOSOME NUMBER
• If a cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes mitosis,
  how many chromosomes will each of the two
  resulting cells have?

12 chromosomesyou are correct !
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NAME THE STAGES
PROPHASE
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NAME THE STAGES
METAPHASE
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NAME THE STAGES
ANAPHASE
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NAME THE STAGES
TELOPHASE
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CAN YOU IDENTIFY THE NEXT TWO STAGES OF MITOSIS?
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NAME THE STAGES
ANAPHASE
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NAME THE STAGES
PROPHASE
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Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses

• Dominant Traits
• Freckles (F)
• Astigmatism (A)
• Ability to Roll Tongue (R)
• Normal Arches (A)
• Widows Peak (W)

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Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses

• Recessive Traits
• No Freckles (f)
• Normal Vision (a)
• Cannot roll tongue (r)
• Flat feet (a)
• Straight hairline (w)

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Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses

• Question 1 for cross
• A man who has normal vision marries a woman who
  is heterozygous for astigmatism. What are the
  possible genotypes and phenotypes which the
  children will have?

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Answers to Crosses

• 1. Given Parents aa(male) X Aa (female)
• Male gametes are all a. Female gametes can
  either be A or a
• Genotypes Aa and aa. The childrens phenotypes
  astigmatism and normal vision

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Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses

• Question 2 for crosses
• Two people who have normal arches produced a
  child who has flat feet. What is the genotype of
  the child? mother?
• father?

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Answers to Crosses

• Question 2
• Child genotype aa
• Fathers genotype Aa
• Mothers genotype Aa

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Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses

• Question 3 for crosses
• A man who has no freckles and flat feet marries a
  woman who is homozygous dominant for both traits.
  What genotypes will their children have?

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Answers to Crosses

• Childrens genotype FfAa

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Biology ReviewClassification
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Two animals in the same______ are more closely
related.A. ClassB. GenusC. KingdomD.
Phylum
Answer B
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Which of the following is written correctly?A.
Felis DomesticusB. Felis domesticusC. Felis
domesticusD. All are correct
Answer B
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A Heterotrophic eukaryote associated with the
decomposition of dead organisms is a _______A.
bacteriumB. moneranC. fungusD.protist
Answer C
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How does a virus make copies of itself?A. by
injecting chlorophyll into fungiB. by
injecting its DNA into a host cellC. by
blocking most of the enzymes in protistsD.
by filtering bacteria
Answer B
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A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms
benefit could be termed ____A. degenerativeB.
parasiticC. mutualisticD. competitive
Answer C
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Organisms that extract their nutrients from dead
organisms or their remains are called _____A.
decomposersB. haploidsC. phytoplanktonD.
euglenoids
Answer A
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An organism that uses host cells to reproduce and
harms them in the process is a(n) ______A.
parasiteB. algaeC. ameba D. sarcodinian
Answer A
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Bacteria have a ________, which prevents osmotic
rupture.A. capsuleB. cell wallC. protein
coatD. pili
Answer B
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The animal kingdom contains organisms that
areA. photosynthetic multicellularB.
heterotrophic, motile multicellularC.
autotrophic multicellularD. none of these
Answer B
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Two organisms classified in the same class must
also be in the same_______.A. familyB. genusC.
phylumD. order
Answer C
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Biomes of the World
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Definition

• Biome A large group of ecosystems that share
  the same type of climax community.
  
• Climax Community A stable or mature group of
  living organisms that undergoes minimal change.

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Types of Biomes

• Terrestrial biome biome on land
• Tundra Taiga
• Desert Grassland/Savannah
• Temperate Deciduous Forest
• Tropical Rainforest
• Aquatic biome biomes of water
• Freshwater Oceanic

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Tundra

• N. Canada, just below N. Pole
• Long summer days, short winter days
• no trees, only moss and grass,
• polar bears, mosquitoes, reindeer, lemmings,
  snowy owl, artic fox

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Taiga

• Just below the tundra,
• Most of Canada, N. Europe and Asia
• Coniferous forest, acidic soil
• Grizzly bears, caribou, lynx

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Grasslands/Savannahs

• Internal part of continents
• Wet and dry seasons
• Wheat, zebras, elephants, gazelles, mice
• Prairies of the USA, steppes of Russia, S.
  Africa, pampas of Argentina

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Desert

• lt 25 cm precipitation per year
• Snakes, roadrunners, rodents, lizards, scorpions,
  hawks, coyotes
• Extreme temps. (cold nights hot days)
• Limited plant life (shrubs, cacti)
• Western USA, N. Africa, Outback
  of Austraila

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Temperate Deciduous Forest

• Broad-leaved, hard-wood deciduous trees
• Eastern USA, Europe
• Top layer of rich, humus
• Deer, fox, raccoon, squirrel, bird

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Tropical Rain Forest

• Abundant rainfall (gt 200 in/yr)
• Warm Temperatures
• Dense plant growth
• Birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals
• Equatorial Regions

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Aquatic Biomes

• Freshwater rivers, streams, lakes
• Marine
• Intertidal
• Neritic Zone
• Pelagic zone (open sea)
• Benthic zone (deep sea)
• Estuaries

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Intertidal

• Region b/w high tide low tide
• Underwater exposed to air, tough place to live
• Clams, barnacles, urchins, starfish, seaweed

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Pelagic Zone

• Top layer of the open sea
• 80-90 of all photosynthesis occurs here
• Phytoplankton, lots of fish, mammals, and some
  birds (albatross)
• Nutrient poor water

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In What Biome do I belong in?
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In What Biome do I belong in?
Tropical Rainforest
Tundra
Desert
Tropical Rainforest
Pelagic
Grassland
Desert
Intertidal
Grassland
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Guess What???
Rrrrrrrr. . . Thats ALL about BIOMES!
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Ecology Review
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Question 1

• Given the following organisms, design a food web
  to show the flow of energy between the various
  levels. Be sure to place each organism in the
  correct level as to whether it is a producer,
  primary consumer, secondary consumer, etc
• Organisms cow, caterpillar, bird, tree,
  mountain lion, grass

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Answer 1

• Students should have grass and trees at the
  bottom with arrows showing flow of energy to the
  cow and caterpillar (and possibly bird) these
  are the primary consumers, there should be an
  arrow from caterpillar to bird - secondary
  consumer, and one from cow to mountain lion top
  predator

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Question 2

• Which example best illustrates a mutualistic
  relationship?
• A. Bee pollinating a flower
• B. Tapeworm in stomach of cow
• C. Barnacle on a whale
• D. Bird eating worm

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Answer 2

• A. Bee pollinating flower,
• The bee is getting the pollen it needs and is
  spreading the flowers pollen to other plants to
  allow for fertilization.

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Question 3

• Complete the following analogy
• Tree is to autotroph as squirrel is to ______

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Answer 3

• Tree is to autotroph as squirrel is to heterotroph

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Question 4

• The following is an example for which level of
  organization
• All the students, administrators, teachers in a
  school, and the desks, computers, walls and
  flooring
• A. Community B. Biosphere
• C. Ecosystem D. Population

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Answer 4

• C. Ecosystem All the populations in a specific
  area and the abiotic factors

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Question 5

• A small town in the midwest has decided to get
  rid of all the wolves in the area because they
  are killing the farmers livestock.
• What are 2 effects killing all the wolves would
  have on the surrounding food web. (First decide
  on which level consumer the wolves are and that
  might help.)

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Answer 5

• 2 problems from killing off a top predator
• Prey populations grow out of control
• Prey population so large it uses up food supply
  and eventually some animals starve

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Relationshipsbetween organisms

• Symbiosis- Close association between organisms of
  different species.
• Parasitism- One benefits and the other is harmed.
  (ex. Bacteria)
• Commensalism-One benefits and the other is
  neither harmed or benefited. (lichens)
• Mutualism-Both organisms benefit. (sucker fish on
  sharks)

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How does Energy Flow?

• Autotroph
• Heterotroph
• Decomposer

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Trophic Levels

• Photosynthetic Autotrophs
• 1st Order Consumers
• 2nd Order Consumers
• 3rd Order Consumers

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Next Steps

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Next Steps

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