Some basic features about Madrid Madrid, capital city of Spain in a very descentralized country Madr

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Some basic features about Madrid- Madrid,
capital city of Spain in a very descentralized
country- Madrid is situated in the center of the
Iberian Penisula at average altitude of 660 m.-
The climate of continental mediterranean nature
with strong seasonal differences - The origins
of Madrid quite recent incomparison with most
spanish cities- In 1561 Phillipe II moved the
spanish court to Madrid and made it the capital
os Spain- Between 1950 and 1960 Madrid
atractted a large number of inmigrants and
therefore the population grow from 1 to 3
millions in the post-war period. - From 1975 to
mid ninetees the population of Madrid decreased
because of economic crisis- From 2000 an
important demographic grown has taken place due
to arrival of around of half millions inmigrants
pushing the Madrid population in 2008 to 3.28
millions inhabitants (16,9 inmigrants)
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Madrid as touriste destination- Madrid stands
out by its unique model for tourism as visitors
are attracted by - Its extraordinary
historical-artistic heritage - Its vigorous
activities productive - Its excellences advanced
services- Besides thah Madrid is the main point
of entry o Spain and Europe for a large part of
international air traffic- Therefore Madrid
presents a very different profile as tourist
destination from other points of Spain- A
considerable number of visitors to Madrid are
day-trippers, passing tourists or simply
sightseers - among tourists who spend the
night in Madrid, the reason for the journey is
mainly linked to some prefessional activity-
Because of that there is an increase in income
per traveller- And the negative effect of low
season is strongly reduced- However it also
reduces the average stay per tourist in
comparation with other tourist destination-
Taking into account only the travallers staying
in Madrid hotels the figures have moved from 2.7
millions in 1980 to 8.6 millions in 2006
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Number of travellers accommodated in hotel
establishments in the Region of Madrid 1986-2006
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The culture as major factor of attractiveness for
tourisme- There is a very concentration of art
and culture in Madrid- Therefore it is one of
the richest cities in world for museums- Some of
them are very especialised (railway or naval
museum, f.i.)- However painting is the most
spread museums field- The Prado Museum is among
the best art galleries in the world- It is the
core element of an important cultural axis
running from Plaza de Cibeles via Paseo del Prado
to the Atocha Railway Station, including - The
Prado Museum - The Thyssen-Bornemisza gallery -
The Queens Sofia Center of Art - The Caixa Forum
Culture Center- In 1992 Madrid was nomitated as
European City of Culture- It gave rise to may
cultural events and enhanced existing facilities
and created new ones as, for instace, the City
Museum- From the 80s Madrid trade in art and
culture has been given a significance boost as,
for example, the ARCO fair - A good demostration
of Madrids position on the world art stage is
the increased in art galleries, mostly located
around the museum distric
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A outstanding concentration of art museums in
Madrid historic center- Museums are an
essential part of Madrids cultural offer-
Continuing influence of big museums and monuments
in the formation of its tourist atracttion (see
table)- The flagship and motor of cultural
tourism in Madrid is the Prado Museum with two
millions visitors in 2006- There has been a
continuos process of reforms and extensions of
the museums area axet along the Prado Promenade,
named as Art Walk- Even more, something like
a museums quarter has arrived to become in the
Prado Museums sorrounding area

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- cuadro con los datos de los museos

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MAPA DEL CASCO HISTÓRICOORTOFOTOPLANO O FOTO
AREA DEL BARRIO DE LOS MUSEOSFOTOS

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2. INTRAURBAN DECONCENTRATION OF MUSEUMS AND
EXHIBITION FACILITIESPlanteamiento generalDos
ejes norte y surBreve descripción de cada uno
de ellos Plano de localización a escala de la
almendraOrtofotoplano del tridente
barrocoFotografía de los dos ejes

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2. INTRAURBAN DECONCENTRATION OF MUSEUMS AND
EXHIBITION FACILITIES- Due to the huge
concentration of visitors at the museums quarter
around 5 millions per year.-That concentration
causes many impacts trafic congestion,
environmental degradation, etc.- That does not
mean the existance of a real programme of museum
deconcentrations to other places of the city -
Nevertheless, there are many iniciatives of new
expositive facilities most or them along the axis
north-south- Many agents both public and private
are involved- All the public administrations are
taking part in this process but preferably the
local and regional- Among the private agents
stands aout the financial sector (banks and
saving banks, insurance companies, etc.)

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MAPA DE CONJUNTO O FOTO AÉREA (lo está haciendo
Antonio)

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2.2 The ways followed by the museums and
expositive facilities deconcentration in Madrid
central area- Something to be outlined is the
extension north-south of the historic museums
quarter- The northen extension of the city
started at the XIXth century giving rise to the
over 5 kilometers long Castellana Avenue - At
present it is the favourite place to locate
thebig corporations both spanish and foreigner
- The bank headqwarters are also situated along
it - The new ministries seats have choosen La
Castellana- Concerning the exhibition
activities, they are very heterogeneous, without
a clear specialization neither continuity- When
speaking about the private sponsors, the
exhibiton facilities creation are founded on
prestige and fiscal reasons- The southward
direction of the museums and exhibitions
facilities deconcentration is supported on a
XVIIIth barroc layout- In this case the lineal
direction north-sowth is not so clear- All the
area is mostly devoted to the middle class
housing with some former industrial activities
remains- Along XIX y XX centuries this southen
part of the city was occupied by transport
facilities (railway stations), industries and
municipal commodity markets- Some of those
disused buildings are at present devoted after
restauration to museums and expositive uses, for
instance - Las Delicias railway stations
Railway Museum and Science and Technology
Musesum - Slaughter Multicultural space
(Theater, exhibition hall, art creation) - El
Águila beer factory Regional Libray and Archive
with two exhibition halls

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2.2 Las direcciones de la desconcentración
museística y expositiva en el área central de
Madrid- En paralelo con los nuevo usos
culturales se detecta un proceso de
recualificación de toda la zona al sur de Atocha
(ambiental, residencial y económica)- Completará
en el futuro este proceso el proyecto inacabado
de ordenación urbanística del río Manzanares y
sus márgenes sobre una superficie de 500.000 m2-
Existe también otra modalidad de desconcentración
de las actividades museísticas y expositivas de
carácter más difuso por el área central
madrileña - Por el ensanche burgués del siglo
XIX Fundación Juan March, Sala de Exposiciones
de Caixa Catalunya, Fundación Carlos de Amberes,
Museo Lázaro Galdiano, Museo de la Ciudad - Las
vinculadas al sistema de abastecimiento de agua a
Madrid los depósitos de agua fuera de uso 1º y
4º depósito

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2.1 Towards a tipology of the new exhibitions
facilities- The museums deconcentrated are
normaly thematic but with differences - Some of
them are set up in old restaured facilities out
of service such as factories, railway
stations - Natural Sciencie Museum on a former
Exhibition Hall - Railway Museum on the
former Delicias railway station - Sciencie and
Technology Natinal Museum (also in Delicia) -
Cinema Museum on the XVIIIth century on a royal
tabacco factory- The City Museum in integrated
in a wider cultural complex with relevant musical
facilities such as the National Auditorium-
There are also private owned museums set up in
its own building Lázaro Galdeano Museum.- But
the majoirity of the new exhibition spaces out of
the museum quarter consists of facilities for
occasional exhibitions with two quite differente
situations - Linked to private art colections
owned by financial firms (Banco Santander, BBVA,
Banca March, etc.) - Other exhibition spaces
are owned by the public administration -Some
professional bodys have also exhibition halls
architects, f.i. -Other organizations such as
saving banks, chamber of commerce- Concerning
their location, there are a wide range of
situations - In Buildings woned by the public
administrations Nuevos Ministerios - In few
times occupying buildings created specifically
for this purpose (Juan
March Foundation) - Located into bank or
financial facilities (Saving banks, BBVA, MAPFRE,
Deutsche Bank) -

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2.1 La tipología de los nuevos espacios
expositivos- Located into buildings formerly
devoted to other uses and restaured for the new
cultural ones - Some ceased to use facilities
for water supply - A former beer factory - La
Casa de Empeños de Caja Madrid - A out of use
Municipal slaughter - A former municipal fish
market converted into shoping center- The kinds
of exhibition use are different with regard to le
level of occupancy - Exclusively exhibition
use - Sharing it with other cultural
activities - Into the Cultural Centre
Matadero there are theater and contemporary
artistic creation spaces - An exhibition hall
(El Águila) is integrated into the Regional
Library and Archive complex - La Casas
Encendida there are, beside the exhibition hall,
a wide offer of cultural activities open to the
public - Sharing it with specialized shops
(Puerta de Toledo Market)