Wealth from Oceans Workshop on Observing System Design

1
Wealth from OceansWorkshop on Observing System
Design

• Peter Oke
• November 2006
• CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
• http//www.cmar.csiro.au/staff/oke/
• email peter.oke_at_csiro.au

2
History and Purpose

• The possibility of linkages between CSIRO
  divisions in the area of observing system design
  has been raised at various high-level meetings
  within CMAR (e.g., Wealth from Oceans meeting
  theme- and stream-leaders meeting senior science
  leaders meeting).
• The purpose of this workshop is twofold
• 1. inform CSIRO/BoM scientists of the current and
  developing capabilities in observing system
  design
• 2. explore possible linkages and synergies with
  other research groups across CSIRO/BoM in the
  area of observing system design.

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Background

• What array of "n" observations is most optimal in
  order to monitor the variability of "X" in region
  "Y"?
• Example 1 Given 4 moorings that measure
  temperature in the upper 1000 m of the ocean
  where should we deploy the moorings in order to
  best represent the variability of the Tasman
  Front?
• Example 2 What variable(s) should we observe to
  best monitor fluctuations in surface Chlorophyll
  and bottom oxygen in the Derwent River? And where
  and how often should we measure this/these
  variable?
• Example 3 We're running a predictive model of
  the ocean circulation off Darwin and we can
  afford to measure a temperature profile over the
  top 700 m of the ocean at 3 locations. Where
  should we make these measurements to best
  initialise our predictive model?

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International Activities
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Sample of Array Design Literature

• Ballabrera-Poy, J., E. Hackert, R. Murtugudde,
  and A. J. Busalacchi, 2006 An observing system
  simulation experiment for an optimal moored
  instrument array in the tropical Indian Ocean. J.
  Climate, in press.
• Barth, N. and C. Wunsch, 1990 Oceanographic
  experiment design by simulated annealing. J.
  Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 1249-1263.
• Bennett, A. F., 1985 Array design by inverse
  methods. Prog. Oceanogr., 15, 129-156.
• Berliner, L. M., Q. Lu, and C. Snyder, 1999
  Statistical design for adaptive weather
  observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2536-2552.
• Bishop, C. H., B. J. Etherton, S. J. Majumdar,
  2001 Adaptive sampling with the ensemble
  transform Kalman Filter. Part I Theoretical
  aspects. Mon. Weath. Rev., 129, 420-436.
• CLIVAR/GOOS Indian Ocean Panel and Collaborators,
  2006 Understanding the role of the Indian Ocean
  in the climate system Implementation plan for
  sustained observations. Southampton, UK,
  International CLIVAR Project Office, 76pp.
• Fiorelli, E. et al. 2003 Adaptive sampling using
  feedback control of an autonomous underwater
  glider fleet. proceedings UUST.
• Hackert, E. C., R. N. Miller and A. J.
  Busalacchi, 1998 An optimized design for a
  moored instrument array in the tropical Atlantic
  Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 7491-7509.
• Hirschi, J., J. Baehr, J. Marotzke, J. Stark, S.
  Cunningham, and J.-O. Beismann, 2003 A
  monitoring design for the Atlantic meridional
  overturning circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30,
  1413, doi10.1029/2002GL016776.
• Kallberg, P., 1984 Performance of some different
  FGGE observation subsets for a period in November
  1979. Data Assimilation Systems and Observing
  System Experiments with particular emphasis on
  FGGE, Vol. 1, ECMWF, 203-228.
• Kharne, S. P., and J. L. Anderson, 2006 An
  examination of ensemble filters based adqaptive
  observation methodologies. Tellus, 58A, 179-195.
• Kuo, T. H., X. Zou, and W. Huang, 1998 The
  impact of global positioning system data on the
  prediction of an extratropical cyclone An
  observing system simulation experiment. Dyn.
  Atmos. Oceans, 27 (1-4), 439-470.
• McIntosh, P. C., 1987 Systematic design of
  observational arrays, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17,
  885-902.
• Majumdar et al. 2006 A comparison of adaptive
  observing guidance for Atlantic tropical
  cyclones. Mon. Weath. Rev., 134, 2354-2372.
• Oke, P. R., and A. Schiller, 2006 A model-based
  assessment and design of a tropical Indian Ocean
  mooring array. J. Climate, in press.
• Sakov, P., and P. R. Oke, 2006 Optimal array
  design Application to the tropical Indian Ocean.
  Mon. Weath. Rev., submitted.
• Schiller, A., S. E. Wijffels, and G. A. Meyers,
  2004 Design requirements for an Argo float array
  in the Indian Ocean inferred from observing
  system simulation experiments. J. Atmos. Ocean.
  Tech., 21, 1598-1620.
• Smith, N. R., and G. Meyers, 1996 An evaluation
  of expendable bathythermograph and Tropical
  Atmosphere-Ocean Array data for monitoring
  tropical ocean variability. J. Geophys. Res.,
  101, 28489-28501.
• Vecchi, G. A., and M. J. Harrison, 2006 An
  observing system simulation experiment for the
  Indian Ocean. J. Climate, in press.

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Plan for the day

• Applications talks
• what is the application youre interested in?
• what types of observations are currently made?
• what types of observations could be made?
• what is the best available representation of the
  variability of the system of interest?
• what aspect of the system do you want to monitor?
• what are the practical constraints?
• Current capabilities in array design
• Discussion
• Linkages
• Prioritise opportunities
• Outline a way forward

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Agenda
Applications talks 0930 Peter Oke Introduction
0940 Eric Schulz HF radar applications 1000 Su
san Wijffels Monitoring shelf scale
variability 1020 Nugzar Margvelashvili Observati
onal needs for sediment modelling 1040 Lisa
Cowen Claire Spillman BoM's ocean observation
network 1100 Statement of interest all
attendees 1120 Morning Tea Optimal array
design talks 1140 Karen Wild-Allen A holistic
approach to array design 1200 Pavel Sakov An
ensemble approach to array design 1240 Peter
Oke An EOF approach to array design 1300 Lunc
h Discussion 1400 What are the possible linkages
and synergies with other research groups across
CSIRO/BoM in the area of observing system
design? What is the best source of the
variability of interest? Model?
Observational? What are the appropriate metrics?
What are you trying to monitor?