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Lead Prevention Measures in the Home

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... paint flakes off/lead dust on babies' hands/toys. Lead paint banned in NYS ... lunch boxes contain dangerous amounts of lead (Toys 'R' Us, Warners Brothers, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Lead Prevention Measures in the Home


1
  • Lead Prevention Measures in the Home

Lois J. Shapiro-Canter, J.D. President and CEO,
Saratoga Foundation for Women WorldWide,
Inc. April 10, 2006
2
INTRODUCTION
  • Lead in food and drink lowest in history
  • 90 lower than 12 years ago
  • Due to U.S. food industrys voluntary elimination
    of lead solder to seal seams of food cans and
    removal of lead from gasoline
  • Thousands of children and adults accidentally
    poisoned by lead
  • Tragedy is that all lead poisoning is preventable

3
HOME-BASED LEAD EXPOSURE
  • Prior to 1950, lead-based paint used on
    inside/outside of homes
  • 1977 federal regulations eliminated lead from
    paint for general use
  • Still buildings with lead paint
  • Old paint flakes off/lead dust on babies
    hands/toys

4
  • Lead paint banned in NYS since 1978
  • Most older homes have some old layers of lead
    paint
  • Lead paint on sliding parts of windows ground
    into dust when opened/closed
  • Any lead-painted surface that gets worn away
    (door edges, jambs, cabinet door edges) source of
    lead house dust

5
  • ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
  • Babies/toddlers put toys/hands in mouth
  • Inhalation of dust raised by dry sweeping/dusting
  • Ingestion of dust settled on food left uncovered
  • Chewing on painted windowsills/doors/chairs,
    rails, etc.

6
  • LEAD PIPES
  • Lead leaches from plumbing pipes/fixtures that
    contain lead
  • Longer lead stands in contact with
    lead-contaminating plumbing materials, higher
    lead level in water
  • Water standing in pipes overnight most
    contaminated

7
  • Flush 1-2 minutes/use only cold water
  • Never use hot water/hot dissolves much more lead
    out of plumbing materials than cold water, even
    after pipes flushed
  • Leaching rates accelerate when water is acidic or
    hot

8
  • Lead in water cannot be seen, tasted, smelled
  • Boiling water will not get rid of lead
  • Sources of lead contamination include brass
    fixtures, older drinking water coolers, older
    coffee urns
  • Yale-90 of lead blood levels in children linked
    to sources other than drinking water

9
  • HOW DO WE CLEAN UP LEAD FROM OUR HOME?
  • Remove all personal belongingsfurniture, drapes,
    carpets, cooking/eating utensils
  • Cover floors, counters, cabinets/radiators with
    plastic

10
  • Close off work area with 6 mil plastic sheeting
    to protect heating/ventilation systems
  • Provide workers with protective equipment,
    overalls, shoe/hair coverings, gloves,
    goggles/respirators
  • Keep residents, especially children/pregnant
    women out of the home

11
  • Before repainting, clean the area thoroughly by
    vacuuming with high efficiency air filter (HEPA
    filter), followed by a thorough wet-washing
    followed by a repeat HEPA filter vacuuming
  • Follow EPA guidelines on lead paint repairs

12
  • RENTAL HOMES
  • Ask your landlord whether paint has been tested
  • Ask to see results or have it tested yourself

13
  • FOOD
  • FDA estimates 20 of all dietary lead comes from
    canned food (2/3 from lead solder in cans)
  • Acidic foods leach lead from solder in the can
    seams
  • Number of food cans lead soldered has declined,
    does not apply to imported foods

14
  • Contaminated flour and food coloring from Middle
    East
  • Candy packaged in jars from South America

15
  • CANDY
  • Mexican candies-chili powder/tamarind
  • Lead gets in candy during drying, storing,
    grinding ingredients improperly
  • Lead in candy wrappers-ink contains lead which
    leaches into candy

16
  • FOOD BAGS
  • Bright red and yellow paint on bread bags

17
  • OTHER SOURCES
  • Colored bread bags may contain lead pigments
    which leach into food when turned inside out
  • Natural calcium supplements derived from animal
    bone may contain lead if animal exposed
  • Waterfowl may ingest leaded shot, consumed by
    unsuspecting hunters/families

18
  • Wine and homemade alcohol distilled/stored in
    leaded containers
  • Smoking cigarettes/breathing second hand smoke
    increases exposure since tobacco smoke contains
    lead

19
  • CERAMIC TABLEWARE
  • Lead used in glazes for ceramic dishware
  • If not fired to a high enough temp for a long
    time, lead released from glaze into food
  • Acidic foods tomato juice, fruit juice, coffee,
    wine, vinegar in poorly fired ceramics can leach
    lead

20
  • FDA toxicologists agree pregnant women should not
    drink these beverages from lead-glazed ceramic
    cups
  • Responsible manufacturers of ceramic ware take
    all precautions, however, even with properly
    glazed pieces, low amounts of lead may migrate
    into food

21
  • FDA scientists found 80 of adult exposure to
    lead from food in ceramics comes from frequent
    use of mugs/hot beverages
  • Dishwashing lead glazed pottery, especially
    imported could result in chipping/wearing off
    protective glaze and expose people to
    lead-containing pigments

22
  • USE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN PURCHASING IMPORTED
    CERAMICS
  • Japan/UK have good quality procedures similar to
    U.S.
  • FDA recommends ceramics purchased in Mexico,
    China, Hong Kong, India be tested for lead
    release by commercial laboratory/use for
    decorative purpose

23
  • PRECAUTIONS
  • Never store food in pewter, lead crystal or
    glazed pottery containers
  • Never store acidic foods in glazed pottery
    (tomato juice, fruit juice, wine, coffee)
  • Dishes/pottery made in U.S. since 1971 generally
    safe

24
  • Lead-free glaze should be used on ceramics
  • Antiques, collectibles, pieces made by amateurs
    for gifts or craft fairs may contain lead that
    could leach into food
  • To obtain test kits for ceramic ware contact FDA
    office listed in blue pages phone book

25
  • JEWELRY HISTORY
  • 1994 Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
    recalled lead-tainted jewelry from vending
    machines nationwide
  • CPSC recalled 2.8 million pieces of childrens
    jewelry March 3, 2005 sold under name Charming
    Thoughts nationwide in Michaels Arts Crafts
    Stores and Hancock Stores

26
  • Metal charms sold as decorations for greeting
    cards, scrapbooks/gifts attached to
    bracelets/necklaces
  • Michaels-over 800 stores/largest specialty
    retailer arts/crafts materials

27
  • CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH (www.cehca.org)
  • Tested hundreds of pieces of costume jewelry
  • Found Disneyland had 275 times legal limit lead
    in paint (labeled lead-free)
  • 2004 CEH filed lawsuits under Californias
    Proposition 65

28
  • Proposition 65 (CA) allows citizen enforcement
    when companies fail to warn consumers their
    products expose people to illegal levels of toxic
    chemicals
  • Under Prop 65, CEH sued Jordache, Macys, J.C.
    Penny, Kmart, Nordstroms, Sears, Target, Walmart
    and others for selling lead-contaminated jewelry

29
  • Most of the jewelry is imported costume jewelry
    marketed to children/women of child-bearing age
  • Jewelry found with high levels of lead include
  • 1- necklaces made with plastic cords
  • 2- metal jewelry made with tin

30
  • 3-Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) plastic in the cords
    leaches lead and low grade tin in pendants/clasps
    is lead-contaminated
  • 4- Brand Names include Orion (Burlington)
    Claires Forever 21, Worthington (J.C. Penny),
    Juststyle (Kmart), Lane Bryant, Nairi
    (Nordstrom), Eitienne V (Nordstrom), Aprostrophe
    (Sears), Mainframe (Sears) and Zhiliration
    (Target)

31
  • According to CEH, CPSC does not take a proactive
    approach to jewelry/awaits until child is harmed
    by lead exposure AND fails to establish
    requirements for the industry to test childrens
    jewelry
  • Parents must be proactive and buy only lead-free
    jewelry and/or have it tested

32
  • PROACTIVE MEASURES
  • Examine all jewelry for children/young adults
  • Ask retailer if lead-free
  • Buy lead free or have it tested if in doubt
    (home lead test kit www.leadcheck.com)
  • Avoid jewelry with plastic cords, dull metallic
    components or fake white pearls-often test
    lead-positive
  • If not sure, dont buy it!!

33
  • TOYS
  • Lead toy soldiers
  • Old painted toys/furniture
  • Soft vinyl lunch boxes contain dangerous amounts
    of lead (Toys R Us, Warners Brothers, DC
    Comics, Time Warner, Walgreens (Superman, Tweety
    Bird, Powerpuff Girls, Hamtaro)
  • www.cecha.org/lunchboxes.htm
  • See list recalled items

34
  • MEDICINAL/PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS
  • Do not use these Cosmetics
  • Traditional Kohl (surma, kajal) eye
    cosmetic-Middle Eastern, Asian and North African
    societies
  • Khojati -- India
  • Unlabelled kohl Morocco
  • Hashmi Kohl Aswad-Pakistan

35
  • SKIN DEEP PRODUCTS WITH LEAD ACETATE
  • Grecian Formula 16 Liquid with Conditioner (Hair
    coloring and bleach)
  • Inman Oil Free Cleanser (facial cleanser)
  • EBL GreyBan Restores Natural Hair Color (hair
    color and cleaning)

36
  • FOREIGN DIGESTIVE REMEDIES
  • Unapproved foreign digestive remedies containing
    lead include Alarcon, Azarcon, Coral, Greta,
    Liga, Maria Luisa, Rueda
  • Greta is 99 lead oxide

37
  • BABY POWDERS/CREAMS
  • CEH filed lawsuits in 1999 against large
    manufacturers of baby powders/creams high in lead
  • Defendants-Block Drug, Bristol-Meyers Squibb Co.,
    Clairol, Inc., Chattem, Inc., Diamond Products
    Co., Insight Pharmaceuticals Corp, Johnson
    Johnson, Personal Care Products, Pfizer, Playtex,
    Schering-Plough Healthcare Products,
    Warner-Lambert

38
  • CEH CASE SETTLED IN 2003
  • 1- Countered assertions by manufacturers lead not
    absorbed by the skin
  • 2- Forced companies to implement
    health-protective standards/ drastically reduce
    dangerous lead exposures for children
  • 3- Reduction of zinc oxide allowed in product to
    no more than 10 by weight/reduction for lead in
    zinc oxide to no more than 10 ppm

39
  • ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS
  • Lead estimated to be in 90 of electronic
    components produced worldwide, primarily in form
    of solder
  • China is considering banning lead in consumer
    products
  • Many Japanese companies have voluntarily
    eliminated lead from their products

40
  • UNUSUAL SOURCES OF LEAD EXPOSURE
  • Folk medicines
  • Calcium supplements from bonemeal
  • Contaminated flour and food coloring from Middle
    East
  • Candy packaged in jars from South America

41
  • Pottery/cookware from around the world
  • Lead-based artist paints
  • Lead crystal baby bottles
  • Fishing weights
  • Stained glass
  • Candles with leaded wicks
  • Vinyl mini and vertical blinds

42
  • Car keys
  • Bullets
  • Curtain weights
  • Imported crayons
  • Pewter
  • Buttons
  • Products built pre-1978 toys, playground
    equipment, furniture

43
  • INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
  • Smelters
  • Battery production/recycling
  • Some paint pigment production facilities
  • Solid waste sites
  • Small garages work with old car batteries
  • Municipal incinerators

44
  • Lead is also present in incinerator ash
  • Municipal waste-to-energy incinerators and
    hazardous waste incinerators release lead into
    atmosphere (occurs when air pollution control
    devices not maintained/operated improperly)

45
  • Community exposed to these emissions through
    ingestion or inhalation of lead-contaminated
    dust, soil, air
  • Abandoned industrial sites (old mines or lead
    smelters) and hazardous waste sites (Superfund
    sites) continue to pose a potential health hazard

46
  • OCCUPATIONAL LEAD EXPOSURES
  • Workers in up to 100 industries, and indirectly
    their families, may have occupational exposure to
    lead
  • Auto Repairers, Battery Manufacturers, Battery
    Recyclers, Bridge Construction/Maintenance
    Workers, Construction Workers, Firing Range
    Instructors, Gas Station Attendants, Glass
    Manufacturers, Lead Mining,

47
  • Manufacturing Industry, Municipal waste
    Incineration Workers, People who work with Lead
    Solder, Plastic Manufacturers, Plumbers, Pipe
    Fitters, Police Officers, Pottery/Ceramic
    Industry Employees, Printers, Radiator Repair
    Mechanics, Rubber Product Manufacturers, Ship
    Builders, Smelting, Steel Welders/Cutters

48
  • Major Exposure Pathway
  • Inhalation and ingestion of lead-bearing dust and
    fumes
  • Occupational exposures result in secondary
    exposures for workers families- workers bring
    home lead-contaminated dust on skin, clothes,
    shoes

49
  • Prevent secondary exposures by showering/changing
    clothing before coming home
  • Children may be exposed if allowed to visit
    worksite
  • Many cottage industries located in the home

50
  • RECALLS
  • Consumer Product Safety Commission (www.cpsc.gov
    or 800-638-2772)
  • LEAD INFORMATION RESOURCES

51
  • WHAT YOU CAN DO TO PROTECT AGAINST LEAD
    POISONING
  • Test Yourself
  • Test Your Home
  • Keep Your Home Clean
  • Keep a Healthy Diet
  • Test Your Water
  • Educate Yourself

52
  • FEDERAL LEGISLATION
  • National Uniformity for Food Act would make all
    food labeling uniform (pushed by food industry)
  • Passed House, facing opposition in US Senate
  • Would preempt existing state consumer protection
    laws
  • In NYS, would effect 7 laws, one that bans lead
    or mercury in quantities above state standards
  • Contact your Senator to oppose this legislation
    as contrary to family health

53
  • Bush Administration proposed 119 million for the
    Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control,
    down from 167 million in 2005 and 174 million
    in 2004 for Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control
  • Bush proposal would eliminate grants targeted for
    cities with worst lead poisoning problems
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