Sea-side Splat!

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• Sea-side Splat!

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Key Words

• Classification
• Taxonomy
• Taxon
• Phylogeny
• Binomial system
• Dichotomous key

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• Classification is the grouping of
• organisms based on similarities of features.
• Taxonomy is the science of studying
  classification. It looks at features and tries to
  arrange them in a logical order.

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A TAXON is a unit of hierarchical
classification

• hierarchical means in ascending sequence.
• A species is the fundamental taxon
• Groups of similar species form the next largest
  taxon called a genus.
• Groups of similar genera form the next largest
  taxon called a family
• and so on, up to the largest taxon Kingdom.

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What do you notice about how the names are
written?

• Fucus vesiculosus
• Fucus serratus
• Enteromorpha intestinalis
• Patella vulgata
• Balanus balanoides
• Actinia equina
• Littorina littorea

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Binomial 2 names

• Fucus vesiculosus

species all in lower case
Genus has a capital letter
Italics (or underlined) -to show the words are
different to ordinary text.
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• Panthera leo
• Panthera tigris
• Panthera pardus
• Canis lupus ( and Canis domestica)
• Pan troglodytes
• Ovis aries
• Rattus norvegicus Rattus rattus
• Perca fluviatalis
• Carcharodon carcharias

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and some easier ones!

• Boa constrictor
• Gorilla
• Giraffus
• Hippopotamus amphibius
• Bison bison
• Equus zebra
• Tyrannosaurus rex
• Elephas maximus

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Classification is hierarchical!Each unit is
called a TAXON there are 7 of them.

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• species

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Taxon Cat Man
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
Genus
species
Animalia
Animalia
Chordata
Chordata
Mammalia
Mammalia
Primates
Carnivora
Felidae - cats
Anthropoids - apes
Felis
Homo
cattus
sapiens
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You need to remember the sequence for the exam
so heres how!
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Kinky Priests Come Over For Great Sex
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Phylogeny

• A phylogenetic tree is a family tree that shows a
  hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships
  thought to exist among groups of organisms. It
  does not show the actual evolutionary history of
  organisms.
• Why a hypothesis?

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Phylogenetic trees are usually based on a
combination of these lines of evidence    
Fossil record     Morphology    
Embryological patterns of development    
Chromosomes and DNA
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Fossils
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Similar morphology
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Embryology
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DNA similarities
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A phylogenetic tree
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The Dichotomous key

• A key is a device for easily and quickly
  identifying
• an unknown organism.
• The dichotomous key is the most widely used type
  in biological sciences.
• The user is presented with a sequence of
  choices between TWO statements, couplets, based
  on characteristics of the organism. By always
  making the correct choice, the name of the
  organism will be revealed.

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Make a dichotomous key
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Phylogenetic example
1 a) Endotherm (constant body temperature) Goto 2
1 b) Ectotherm ( cold-blooded) Goto 5
2 a) Fur Goto 3
2 b) Feathers Parrot
3 a) Fins Whale
3 b) At least two legs Goto 4
4 a) wings Bat
4 b) 4 legs Cat
5 a) fins Fish
5 b) No fins or limbs Snake