A. Ginati Head of EO Future Programmes Department ESAESTEC

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A. GinatiHead of EO Future Programmes
DepartmentESA/ESTEC
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

• Earth Explorer Future Missions
• Earth Watch Activities

6 November 2002 ESA Earth Observation
Info Day
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Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
ESAs LIVING PLANET PROGRAMME

• ESAS LIVING PLANET RATIONALE THE FOUR THEMES
• EARTH OBSERVATION ENVELOPE PROGRAMME
• EARTH EXPLORER CORE MISSIONS
• EARTH EXPLORER OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS
• EARTH WATCH MISSIONS
• SUMMARY

6 November 2002 ESA Earth Observation
Info Day
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THE FOUR THEMES
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

• Four fundamental themes underlie ESAs Earth
  Observation Science and Research Element of the
  Living Planet Programme (ESA SP-1227), namely
• Theme 1 - Earth Interior including marine
  geoid, gravity and magnetic field at various
  scales, from local or regional to global.
• Theme 2 - Physical Climate System spanning the
  time scales from fast (days to weeks) via medium
  term (seasonal to interannual) to long term
  (decadal to centennial).
• Theme 3 - Geosphere-Biosphere including carbon,
  energy and water cycles, bio-chemical cycles and
  the productivity of the different ecosystems.
• Theme 4 - Atmosphere and Marine Environment and
  anthropogenic impact comprising composition
  changes by human activity, chemical processes in
  troposphere and stratosphere and marine
  pollution.
• These themes span the full Earth System and
  recognise the need for the detailed treatment of
  interactions between the regimes.

See Earth Explorers Science and Research
Elements of ESAs Living Planet Programme (ESA
SP-1227)

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EO Missions and the 4 Themes
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
Theme 2 Physical Climate System
Theme 1 Earth Interior
(Envisat - RA2, AATSR)
CryoSat
GOCE
SMOS
SWARM
WALES
MSG
(Envisat - ASAR)
ADM-Aeolus
ACE
EGPM
EarthCARE
ERS-2
GCOM (SWIFT)
TerraSAR
ENVISAT
Envisat (MIPAS)
METOP
(ERS- GOME)
(Envisat - Sciamachy)
SPECTRA
(Envisat - GOMOS)
Envisat (MERIS)
Theme 4 Anthropogenic Impact on Atmos. and
Biosphere
Theme 3 Geosphere-Biosphere
6 November 2002 ESA Earth Observation
Info Day
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Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

• Two classes of user-driven missions
• Earth Explorer
• Core, larger
• Opportunity, smaller
• Earth Watch
• Optional programmes
• Implemented in a two-element programme
• The EO Envelope Programme (EOEP)
• The Earth Watch Element
• First slice of EOEP ongoing,
• Second slice (2003 2007) approved
• Earth Watch Programme approved
• 3 Elements are in preparation

EO PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES
INSTRUMENT PRE- DEVELOPMENT
EARTH WATCH DEFINITION ACTIVITIES
MISSION EXPLOITATION MARKET DEVELOPMENT
GROUND SEGMENT (EARTHNET)
PRECURSOR SERVICES (ALOS)
CONTINUITY of MISSIONS

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Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
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The Earth Explorer missions criteria
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
Missions are proposed, evaluated, recommended,
developed and exploited by the science
community Implementation follows clear,
transparent mechanisms with well defined
steps Transition from one step to the next
requires evaluation by peers and ESAC,
recommendation by ESAC and approval by PB-EO of
D/EOP proposal. Evaluation for transition to next
step follows seven criteria established with ESAC
and PB-EO 1 Relevance to the research objectives
2 Need, usefulness and excellence 3 Uniqueness
and complementarity 4 Degree of innovation and
contribution to the advancement of European EO
capabilities 5 Feasibility and level of
maturity 6 Timeliness 7 Programmatics
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The Earth Explorers
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
CORE MISSIONS
P h a s e A
OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS
ACE
EGPM
Phase A
SWARM
SWIMSAT
Further studies
TROC
CARBOSAT
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1st Earth Explorer Missions
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
First Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission Ice
elevation, ice thickness ( ICESAT (Abyss)) Launch
2004 First Earth Explorer Core Mission Gravity
field and geoid ( GRACE) Launch 2006
CryoSAT
GOCE
2nd Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission Soil
moisture and ocean salinity (Hydros,
Aquarius) Launch 2006 2nd Earth Explorer Core
Mission Wind speed vectors ( TBD) Launch 2007
SMOS
ADM-Aeolus
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EE core Plans
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
2002
2003
2004
M
M
M
M
M
M
J
J
J
J
O
O
S
S
A
A
A
A
A
F
F
E
E
N
N
D
D
ESAC

PB
-
EO
ESAC

PB
-
EO
IPC
-
ITT
IPC
-
ITT
Proposal
Proposal
Evaluation
Evaluation
PCR
PCR
Kick
-
off
Kick
-
off
PRR
PRR
Part
-
1
Part
-
1
END
END
Part
-
2
Part
-
2
Part
-
3
Part
-
3
Earth Explorer Consultation
Earth Explorer Consultation
ESAC
ESAC
PB
-
EO
PB
-
EO


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Earth Explorer through EOEP
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

• EARTH EXPLORER CORE MISSIONS ARE SELECTED IN
  SETS OF TWO AND LAUNCHED EVERY TWO YEARS,
• EARTH EXPLORER OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS ARE SELECTED
  IN SETS OF TWO AND LAUNCHED EVERY TWO
  YEARS.
• THE DEVELOPMENT FROM START OF PHASE B TO LAUNCH
  SHOULD BE BELOW 30 MONTHS
• FOR ALL EXPLORER MISSIONS THE NOMINAL LIFETIME
  IS 3 YEARS

OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS
CORE MISSIONS
EARTH OBS ERVATION PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES
(EOPA)
EARTH OBS ERVATION PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES (EOPA)
INTRUMENT PRE-DEVELOPMENT EXPLORER CONTINUITY
PRE DEV PH B, C-D, E EXTENSION
INTRUMENT PRE-DEVELOPMENT EXPLORER CONTINUITY
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EEOM Plan
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
2002
2003
2004
II/02
III/02
IV/02
I/03
II/03
III/03
IV/03
I/04
ESAC/PB-EO
Release
AC/IPC
Preparation
Evaluation
Tender
Preparation
Proposals
PRR
Kick-off
PCR
Part-3
Part-2
Part-1
Phase A study
Mission Confirmation Review
MCR
Other cand.
Science
Technology
National European and foreign
Coordination
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Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
EARTH EXPLORER CORE MISSIONS
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Explorer Core Missions, 2nd cycle
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

• Second cycle of Earth Explorer Core Missions,
  started
• Step 1 10 proposals received, 5 pre-selected
• Step 2 the 5 candidates assessed, 3 selected
• EarthCARE
• SPECTRA
• WALES
• Step 3 Phase A for 3 candidates started
• Selection early 2004 of one mission Core-3 for
  launch in 2009 2011 timeframe

EarthCARE
SPECTRA
WALES
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EarthCARE
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

• Satellite, 1600 kg, 1200 W in sun-synchronous
  orbit, 400 450 km altitude, carrying
• Backscatter lidar (ATLID)
• Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR)
• 7-channel multi spectral imager (MSI)
• Broadband radiometer (BBR)
• IR-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (IR-FTS)
• - Ground segment Command and Data Acquisition in
  North Europe, Mission and Satellite Operations
  Control at ESOC, Processing and Archiving at
  ESRIN
• Launch Dual launch by Japanese H-II

provide basic data for numerical modelling and
global studies of

• divergence of radiative energy,
• aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction,
• vertical distribution of water and ice and their
  transport by clouds,
• the vertical cloud field overlap and
  cloud-precipitation interactions.

• A unique combination of active and passive sensors

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WALES
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

• Satellite in sun-synchronous dawn-dusk orbit,
  400-450 km,
• 1500 kg 1400 W
• Single payload mission operating a nadir viewing
• Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) instrument
  operating
• in the 935 nm range.
• Ground segment Command and Data Acquisition in
• North Europe and Alaska, Mission and Operations
  Control ESOC, processing and archiving ESRIN
• Launch Soyuz class

• - Distribution of water vapour, and information
  on aerosols
• relevant to
• climate change studies,
• atmospheric modelling
• chemistry studies and to numerical weather
  forecasting

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SPECTRA
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

• Satellite, 850 kg, 650 W, in sun-synchronous
  orbit, 670 km altitude
• 50 km x 50 km images with 50 m spatial resolution
• BRDF with sequences of images at 7 incidence
  angles
• 62 spectral bands, pre-selected per region
• Ground segment Command and Data Acquisition in
  North Europe, Mission and Satellite Operations
  Control at ESOC, Processing and Archiving at
  ESRIN
• Field segment instrumented sites around the
  world
• Launch Dedicated, Rockot class

- Role of terrestrial vegetation in the global
carbon cycle - Observation of selected sites
around the world in the VNIR-SWIR and TIR and
under different across and along track angles
for studies of the BRDF
- provide samples of the Bi- directional
Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of
vegetation
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Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
EARTH EXPLORER OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS
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1st EEOM
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
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EEOM, 2nd cycle, Phase A
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
3. SWARM
1. ACE
2. EGPM
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Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
EEOM, 2nd cycle, further consideration
4. SWIMSAT

• Improvement of wave prediction and sea state
  monitoring by providing spectral observations of
  ocean surface waves and wind estimates
• Better account for ocean surface waves effects
  in atmospheric and ocean circulation models

5. TROC

• Tropospheric composition with emphasis on ozone
• Transport, dispersion and transformation of
  primary pollutants
• Monitor species and aerosols injected during
  biomass burning
• Distribution and sources of greenhouse gases,
  Montreal, Kyoto, volcanic SO2

6. CARBOSAT

• Quantify spatial and temporal variation of CO2
  sources and sinks at regional scale
• Estimate origin of carbon sources
• Improve knowledge of global carbon cycle in
  climate system, verify controls or reductions of
  carbon emissions
• Measuring CO2 column with 1 (3 ppm) accuracy
  globally, co-located with
• Column integrated observations of CO and
  carbonaceous aerosols

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Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
EEOM, 2nd cycle, Further studies
Good science, but complex and expensive
To understand the physical processes underlying
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, by
retrieving the full 3-D motion vectors from 4
separate views of each global target (L-band SAR)
EVINSAR
GEOTROPE
Vertical temperature and humidity profiles, total
and tropospheric columns of key chemical
constituents and additional information on
aerosols and cloud parameters from geostationary
orbit
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The EEOM candidates ACE
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
- 2 pairs of microsatellies, two 90 degree
inclination orbits, one pair at 850 km, one pair
at 650 km altitude, 180 deg apart along equator,
satellites one orbit counter-rotating with
respect to other orbit Payload - GRAS for GNSS
LEO occultations - CALL for LEO-LEO
occultations, at 10, 17, 23 GHz - All
satellites GRAS - One pair satellites CALL
Transmitter - Second pair satellites CALL
receiver - CALL transmitter 20 kg, 50 W - CALL
receiver 20 kg, 40 W Satellite resources 130
kg, 80 W, S-band downlink Launchers At least
two, Rockot or StartRockot
- Highly accurate vertically resolved
climatology of temperature and humidity -
Research on climate variability and change -
Validation / improvement atmospheric models -
Advancements NWP - Analysis / validation data
other missions - Demonstrate self calibrating
technique - Ionospheric climate and weather,
space weather - Assess / improve water vapour
attenuation models
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The EEOM candidates EGPM
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
Satellite in SSO, 1430 LST descending node,
orbit altitude 635 km (radiometer only baseline),
510 km (option with radar). Payload Baseline
mission Microwave Radiometer Baseline 18.7,
23.8, 36.5, 89, 157 GHz, dual polarisation Spatial
resolution 5.5 km at 89 GHz 1.2 m antenna, 30
rpm conical scan, 56 kg, 55 W, 64 Kbps Optional
channels at 10.7, 54 and 119 GHz Recommended
option also Nadir Precipitation Radar 35.6 GHz,
resolution 4 km horizontal, 250 m vertical 1.2 m
antenna, 35 kg, 70 W, 110 kbps Satellite For
baseline, Proteus based, 500 kg, 450 W For option
with radar, PRIMA based, 615 kg, 1 kW Launch
dual launch Taurus or Delta with NASA
drone Ground segment challenges handling GPM,
NRT data delivery, 15 minutes delivery time for
data over Europe

• ESA contribution to GPM
• - Improve rainfall estimation accuracy
• Improve detectability light rain and snowfall
• Representation precipitation in models
• - NWP, Nowcasting and very short range
  forecasting
• - Flood forecasting Monitoring and
  understanding of flash floods storms
• - Ocean freswater budget assessment
• - Agrometerological models, soil moisture, water
  resources

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The EEOM candidates SWARM
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
- 4 (minimum 3) microsatellites 2 in 550km
altitude 86 deg inclination, 2 in 450 km altitude
85.4 deg. Inclination orbits - Payload Vector
magnetometer and scalar magnetometer Star
tracker Optical bench GNSS sounding
receiver Accelerometer Electric field instrument,
composed of ion drift meter, retarding potential
analyser and Langmuir probe Total payload
resources 30 kg, 40 W - Satellite budgets 270
kg, 170 W, S-band downlink - Launcher Rockot -
Ground Segment reuse OERSTED, CHAMP, GRACE
- Core flow, core dynamics, core-mantle coupling,
jerks - 3-D imag. mantle conductivity,
lithosphere magnetisation - Position and
development radiation belts - Magnetospheric /
ionospheric currents systems - Monitor solar wind
energy input - Ionosphere / Plasmosphere electron
density - Study modulation cosmic ray flux and
effect on tropospheric conductivity and
associated weather and climate processes
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The Earth Explorer Missions 1st and 2nd cycles
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
OPP-1 CRYOSAT
OPP-2 SMOS
CORE-1 GOCE
CORE-2 ADM-Aeolus
SWIFT
OPPORTUNITY 3
OPPORTUNITY 4
CORE 3
CORE 4
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Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
EARTH WATCH ACTIVITIES
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Links of Earth Watch to Earth Explorer and Earth
Science
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
  Research driven, concerned with advancing
understanding of the Earth System processes
and/or the demonstration of new observing
techniques
Service driven, concerned with the operational
needs of user communities.
Models to understand and predict
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EUMETSAT Missions
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
MSG
HRV 1 km IR 3.8 3 km VIS 0.6 3 km IR 8.7 VIS
0.8 IR 9.7 IR 1.6 IR 10.8 WV
6.2 IR 12.0 WV7.4 IR 13.0
VIS 0.7 2.25 km WV 6.4 4.5 km IR 11.5 4.5 km
From Meteosat to Meteosat Second Generation,
exploiting the technical concept expanding the
capabilities
MSG-1 launched end of August 2002. Two MSG
satellites under development A fourth satellite
under discussion. Service foreseen until beyond
2015
EPS / MetOp
Three satellites under development for launch
from 2005
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Post MSG
New EUMETSAT Missions
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

• Work started in EUMETSAT and ESA on post-MSG
  mission. Joint work plan established for User
  Consolidation Phase.
• Two pillars
• Application Expert Groups lead EUMETSAT, defining
  requirements
• Remote Sensing Expert Groups, lead ESA, analysing
  techniques
• Plan includes workshops and studies in support of
  consolidation of requirements.
• ESA phase 0 studies, derived from first user
  workshop, Nov. 2001, observation techniques and
  sensor concepts will be addressed.

(Post)-EPS / MetOp, (Coordination EUMETSAT ESA
started in 2000)
Phase A studies for Visible Infrared Imager for
MetOp-3, VIRI-M, ITT in preparation.
Potential ESA actions in 2003 2004 may
include Studies on requirements for observation
techniques and sensor concepts and technologies
Studies on mission / system architectures
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EARTH WATCH
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

• The Earth Watch Programme provides for the
  implementation of Earth
• Watch missions beyond phase B
• Preparatory phases are covered under the Earth
  Observation Envelope
• Programme
• Each Earth Watch element is implemented as an
  optional component of
• the Earth Watch programme
• Three elements approved in the Ministerial
  Council at Edinbourgh in
• November 2001
• GMES Service Element
• TerraSAR Consolidation
• Fuegosat Consolidation

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TerraSAR and Fuegosat Earth Watch elements under
consolidation
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
InfoTerra / TerraSAR Mission based on the
exploitation of data from satellites
carrying L-band and X-band SAR instruments
FUEGO The development of a ground segment and
operation concept for real time disaster
management not limited to fire.
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TerraSAR Objectives
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
InfoTerra / TerraSAR, industrial initiative for
the provision of geo-information services in
areas of high strategic importance and economic
value agriculture, forestry, geology,
cartography, utility planning and security, risk
management, marine services, environment
monitoring, ESA studies addressing also support
to GMES and scientific objectives Initially
supported by BNSC and DLR, announced intention to
propose for implementation as element of Earth
Watch Programme Initial support activities in
2000 2001 Proposed for implementation as
element of Earth Watch programme CH, D, E, F,
FIN, NL, UK approved in Edinburgh the initiation
of the TerraSAR Consolidation
Objective Consolidate the technical and
programmatic definition of Infoterra / TerraSAR
so as to prepare a solid proposal for
implementation.
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Architecture
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
Infoterra / TerraSAR includes TerraSAR Space
and Ground System (TSGS) Satellite with L-band
SAR Satellite with X-band SAR Ground Segment
(operations and processing / archiving level
1) TerraSAR Exploitation and Service
Infrastructure (TESI) InfoTerra representing the
exploitation entity
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Scope and Plan
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
TerraSAR Consolidation implementation plan agreed
with participants 28 June 2002 and presented to
PB-EO September 2002 Three phases, two main
action lines and support activities Phase 0
Consolidation of objectives, requirements and
concepts Phase 12 detailed definition at system
and subsystem level Two main lines, intimately
coordinated a) TerraSAR Space and Ground
System (TSGS), mainly TerraSAR-L and G/S b)
TerraSAR Exploitation and Service Infrastructure
(TESI) Support activities Campaigns User
requirements, market analysis, implementation
studies Technology development
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TerraSAR Status
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
TerraSAR Space and Ground System (TSGS) Phase 0
study The RFQ has been sent to the contractor.
Proposal expected by the end of November Phase
1 2 TeraSAR Mission and System
Consolidation Procurement proposal approved by
IPC (September 2002)preparation. RFQ in
preparation continuity with phase 0 TerraSAR
Exploitation and Service Infrastructure
(TESI) TerraSAR Utilisation Phase 0 Study RFQ
released Proposal delayed on request of
contractor. Phase 12 TerraSAR Exploitation
Definition Procurement proposal approved by IPC
(September 2002) RFQ in preparation continuity
with phase 0
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Fuegosat Background
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
Fuego mission has been studied by a group of
space and service companies under the EC 4th and
5th frame work programmes with limited ESA
support. The objective is to support the
management of fire risks Prior to crisis areas
of surveillance, risk indexes During crisis
early detection of fires, monitoring of fire
line, prediction of fire evolution After crisis
damage assessment, lessons learnt Fuegosat a
demonstrator of the Fuego concept Fuegosat
Consolidation subscribed at the Edinburgh ESA
Council by D, E, F, I.
Major environmental and economic impact Use of
space techniques in support of fire risk
management has long background, but Assets not
optimised
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Consolidation Steps
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
Fuegosat Consolidation implementation plan
discussed with participants 28 June 2002 and
agreed at PB-EO September 2002 Two steps
separated by Fuegosat Concept Review First step
Requirements and Concept Consolidation,FCR
selection of concept and thereby scope of
second step Second step Detailed
Definition First step, includes 4 strongly
coordinated contract actions
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Consolidation Actions
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

• Four actions starting
• Fuego / Fuegosat mission / system concept
  refinement and cost assessment
• b) Definition of Crisis Data Management Center
• c) Definition of concept for end-to-end
  demonstration of use of space techniques in
  support of risk anagement
• d) BIRD Exploitation

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Summary
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

• - The needs of the Earth Science and of the
  operational user communities require new
  observations from space
• Instrument concepts and technology are under
  development for the approved ESA missions and for
  the new candidates. Other sensors are under study
  and technology development following
  recommendations of the community and to enable
  new missions
• Lidars for clouds and aerosols, for wind speed
  profiles, water vapour concentration
• Radars, real and synthetic aperture, for clouds,
  precipitation, ocean and ice topography, land
• Passive optical sensors, multi- super and hyper-
  spectral sensors, from the UV to the TIR
• Passive micro- mm wave radiometers for
  atmosphere, ocean and land, from few GHz to the
  TeraHz
• Instruments exploting signals of opportunity
  GNSS signals in occultation and reflection
  configuration
• Gravity gradiometers
• The use of constellations to build virtual
  sensors, e.g. ACE, SWARM,
• This in the overall context of mission
  optimisation and project risk reduction