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Applying Pesticides

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Acaricide. Snails & Slugs. Molluscicide. Fungi. Fungicide. Nematodes. Nematicide. Bacteria ... 'Pesticide' = substance intended to prevent, destroy, repel, or ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Applying Pesticides


1
Applying Pesticides
  • Original Power Point Created by Casey Osksa
  • Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education
    Curriculum Office
  • June 2002

2
Pesticide Management
3
Identifying Common Pests
  • Sites infested areas
  • Target pest that pesticide is intended for
  • Host animal or plant that is to be protected
  • Pages 6-13

4
Classifications of Pesticides
  • Insects
  • Insecticide
  • Mites
  • Miticide
  • Mites, ticks and spiders
  • Acaricide
  • Snails Slugs
  • Molluscicide
  • Fungi
  • Fungicide
  • Nematodes
  • Nematicide
  • Bacteria
  • Bactericide

5
Classifications of Pesticides
  • Weeds
  • Herbicide
  • Predatory Animal
  • Predacide
  • Rodents
  • Rodenticide
  • Birds
  • Avicide
  • Fish
  • Piscicide
  • Plant Growth
  • Plant Growth Regulators
  • Leaves on Plants
  • Defoliant, Dessicant

6
Pesticide Characteristics
  • Pesticide substance intended to prevent,
    destroy, repel, or mitigate any pest
  • also plant regulator, defoliant, or dessicant

7
Pesticide Characteristics
  • Chemical Basis of Pesticides
  • Synthetic Organic Pesticides are man made
  • Malathion, 2,4-D
  • Plant Derived Organic Pesticides are made from
    parts of plants
  • Inorganic Pesticides are made from minerals
  • Lead Arsenate

8
Pesticide Characteristics
  • Toxicity of Pesticides
  • Refers to how poisonous a pesticide is to warm
    blooded animals
  • Danger Highly Toxic
  • Skull Crossbones and Poison
  • Warning Moderately Toxic
  • Caution Slightly Toxic

9
Pesticide Characteristics
  • Use of Pesticide
  • Specific uses

10
Effect of Pesticides on Pests
  • Stomach Poison kills when swallowed
  • Contact Poison sprayed directly on pest
  • Fumigants gas inhaled or absorbed
  • Translocated Herbicides kills plants by being
    absorbed by roots
  • Systemics will kill pest when it eats the host,
    but doesnt harm host

11
Effect of Pesticides on Pests
  • Sterilants pests are unable to reproduce
  • Anticoagulants prevents normal blood clotting
  • Pheromones change the normal behavior of pests
  • Protectants prevent pest entry

12
Effect of Pesticides on Pests
  • Plant Growth Regulators control the rate of
    growth of plants
  • Defoliants and Dessicants cause plants to shed
    their leaves

13
Pesticide Characteristics
  • Persistence of Pesticides refers to how long the
    Pesticide remains in the environment
  • Pesticide must break down to a harmless residue
    before harvest
  • May be a time delay for safe consumption

14
Formulation of Pesticides
  • Form in which chemical is available
  • Liquid Formulations
  • Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC or E) mix with water
  • Solution (S) is ready to use
  • Flowable (F) Thick liquid, mix with water to form
    a suspension

15
Formulation of Pesticides Liquid
  • Fumigant, pressurized container turns to gas
  • Aerosol (A) applied from a pressurized can or
    special sprayer

16
Formulation of Pesticides Dry
  • Dusts (D) must be used dry
  • Granules (G) larger than dust, must be used dry
  • Wettable Powder (WP or W) looks like dust, must
    be mixed with water, aggitate
  • Soluble Powder (SP) dissolves in water
  • Baits pesticide mixed with attractant

17
Selectivity of Pesticides
  • A selective pesticide kills some pests and not
    others
  • Ex kills only broadleaf plants or only grasses
  • Non-selectives kill many pests
  • Ex Roundup kills all plants

18
Reading the Label
  • The label is a Legal Document
  • Read and follow directions on the label
  • What you will find on the label
  • Use Classification
  • General Use can be applied by anyone
  • Restricted Use certified applicators or under
    their direct supervision

19
Reading the Label
  • Brand Name Roundup
  • Common Name made up name for the active
    ingredient (not all have one)
  • Chemical Name words that you cant pronounce to
    identify chemicals in product
  • Formulation Dry, Soluble, WP
  • Ingredients must be identified by chemical and
    common name except inert ingredients

20
Reading the Label
  • Signal Words Danger Warning Caution
  • Child Hazard Statement Keep out of reach of
    children
  • Statement of Practical Treatment first aid
  • Reentry Statement if applicable, time to wait
    before reentering field treated

21
Reading the Label
  • Precautionary Statements possible hazards to
    humans, environment etc
  • Name Address of manufacturer
  • EPA registration number
  • EPA establishment number
  • Net Contents

22
Reading the Label
  • Directions for Use
  • Misuse statement
  • pests it will control (target)
  • where it may be applied (sites)
  • types of equipment to use
  • restrictions for protection of environment
  • frequency and timing of application
  • storage and disposal of pesticide and container

23
Who can use pesticides?
  • Anyone can buy use pesticides classified for
    General Use
  • Restricted Use pesticides can only be used by
    Certified Applicators and employees
  • Private Applicators use on your own crops
  • Commercial Applicators for hire

24
Liabilities Involved
  • Follow all directions for use on the label
  • Never leave pesticides where children or animals
    me be exposed
  • Never apply where rain or irrigation runoff may
    cause pollution
  • Minimize probability of drift
  • low wind
  • coolest part of day
  • largest practical nozzle size

25
Pesticides enter the body via
  • Dermal through the skin
  • Ingestion swallowing
  • Inhalation breathing

26
Liabilities Involved
  • Check label for re-entry period
  • Keep records of all injuries
  • medical treatment
  • loss of consciousness
  • loss of work
  • transfer to another job
  • death

27
Pesticide Records
  • What pesticide purchased
  • application dates
  • name of applicator
  • target (pest), site (crop)
  • severity of infestation
  • equipment used
  • amounts of pesticide used

28
Transporting Pesticides
  • Pesticides must be in original packages
  • Vehicle must have correct warning sign
  • Must not be hauled in same vehicle as food
  • Notify DOT if someone is killed, seriously
    injured, or serious damage
  • Report spillage on a public road

29
What Pesticide to Use
  • Identify Pest
  • Become familiar with many methods of control
  • Estimate level of infestation
  • Compare methods of application
  • Remember all hazards
  • Select pesticide for best control least hazard

30
Methods of Application
  • Spraying most popular method
  • Granular Application on plowed soil, grass
  • Dusting for dusts
  • Fogging insect control
  • Dipping livestock, lumber

31
Protective Clothing
  • Coveralls or long sleeved shirt and long pants
  • Raincoat or liquid proof apron
  • Hard hat or other water proof hat
  • Unlined neoprene boots
  • Unlined neoprene gloves (above wrists)
  • Goggles or face shield
  • Respirator

32
Types of Respirators
  • Cartridge chemical filter for low level
    pesticide concentrations
  • Chemical Canister higher levels
  • Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus compressed
    air bottle

33
First Aid
  • Immediately, notify a doctor
  • Remove contaminated clothes
  • Wash skin with water and detergent
  • Flush eyes with running water for at least 15
    minutes (low pressure)
  • If swallowed, check label for treatment (only
    induce vomiting if recommended)
  • Inhaled, get fresh air, lie down

34
Signs and Symptoms Mild Poisoning
  • Irritation of skin, eyes, nose throat
  • Headache
  • Weakness
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Dizziness

35
Signs and Symptoms Moderate Poisoning
  • Blurred vision, difficult breathing
  • Poor muscle coordination, rapid pulse
  • Flushed skin, constriction of pupils
  • Stomach cramps, vomiting
  • Muscle twitches

36
Signs and Symptoms Severe Poisoning
  • Convulsions, inability to breath
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Secretions from the mouth and nose
  • Possible fever
  • May be fatal

37
Storing Pesticides
  • Store in original containers is a safe, dry,
    locked and well ventilated place

38
Disposing of Empty Containers
  • After emptying containers, rinse 3 times and pour
    rinse water in sprayer
  • Dispose of container as directed

39
Group I Containers
  • Burn in special incinerators
  • Burn in small numbers in the open
  • Bury in special landfill or singly at least 18
    inches deep in open field
  • Exception containers which held lead, mercury,
    cadmium or arsenic

40
Group II Containers
  • Containers wont burn
  • Crush and bury as in Group I
  • Deliver to scrap metal dealer
  • If reusable, rinse and return to supplier

41
Group III Containers
  • Held mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic or inorganic
    pesticides
  • Rinse tree times
  • Bury in sanitary landfill

42
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