Optimization of Safety Efforts Using Accident Avoidance

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Optimization of Safety Efforts Using Accident
Avoidance Other Analysis Techniques

• International HEP Technical Safety Forum
• Jack J. Hahn SLAC

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Todays Talk

• Provide overview of some SLAC Safety Excellence
  analysis methods
• Describe three Safety Analysis approaches
• Accident Avoidance Analysis technique
• Work associated with most common accidents
• Work associated with most serious accidents
  (Department of Energy Laboratories)
• Show some analysis information shared with all
  laboratory staff
• Challenges/Issues for safety progress through
  Safety Analysis

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Safety Excellence vs Compliance

• Analysis for Safety Excellence (topic today)
• Goal to Reduce
• Most common injuries and illnesses
• Goal to Prevent
• Most serious injuries and illnesses
• Methods not necessarily required by Safety
  regulations (U.S. OSHA 1910, OSHA 1926), may
  exceed them
• Optimization of safety effort
• Compliance (important also, not todays topic)
• Goal to comply with regulatory requirements
• Thousands of pages of regulations
• Must do it all
• Use supervision, audits and self-inspection
  techniques for analysis

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How is Safety Analysis Used?

• One part of a multi-part safety program
• You have opportunity to talk to entire staff
  about safety
• You have 10 minutes
• You want to provide the potential to make a
  difference
• Something that everyone can relate to?
• Results right away?
• Tool for improvement teams at the lab
• Tool for defense of safety capital investment
  decisions
• Building/Accelerator/Walkway design?

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What is Accident Avoidance Analysis?

• Based on consideration of a number of historical
  near-miss incidents or accident events
• Thought experiment by safety professional (s).
  (credits to John Turek, Ishwar Garg)
• Semi-quantitative evaluation of relative merits
  of techniques in preventing the incident or
  injury.
• Benefit of additional steps

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Accident Avoidance Points (AAPs)

• Would have prevented accident/incident/injury - 1
  point
• May have prevented accident/incident - .5 point
• Would not have prevented accident/incident - 0
  points

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Accident Avoidance Examples

• Employee moving equipment, splinter embedded
  under nail- Use of Gloves 1 Point- would have
  prevented injury/accident.
• Employee was crawling on hands and knees under
  beamline, stood up and hit head on magnet- Use
  of Hardhat 1 Point, Sufficient workspace to
  perform task .5 points (may have prevented
  accident)

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Most Efficient Remedies to Prevent Common
Accidents Lab-Wide?

• of Accident Avoidance Points/Cost of Remedy
• Rough relative value - Precise cost estimates not
  suggested nor required. May point out fixes that
  can be accomplished in short to medium term.
• Information recently developed- Not used
• Limitations
• Order of magnitude of cost effectiveness of
  solutions, not precise
• Decision making should seldom be based only on
  cost effectiveness
• Costs based on prevention of only those events
  observed- Could be refined, not done in this
  example

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Analysis of Work Associated with Most Common
Accidents

• Original Laboratory Approach-
• By Type - Stains/strains/slips, trips, falls
• By Division Department
• Analysis of Work method-
• Welding related injuries?
• Material handling related injuries?
• Similar Analysis of Work for Common Accidents
  info from todays talk presented site-wide in
  August 2004

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What Types of Work are Associated with SLACs
Most Common Recordable Injuries/Illnesses?
(2003/2004 partial)
Computer Work
Chemical Use
Construction
Ladder Use
Cut/Saw/Drill
Machining
Lifting
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What Types of Work are Associated with SLACs
Most Common Recordable Injuries/Illnesses?
(2003/2004 partial) cont.
Moving Body
Material Handling
All Other
Walking
Stair Use
Wrench Use
Welding
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• WALKING - 11 Accidents - What could be done?
• Watch where we are going- 6
• Poor footing- 1
• Jobsite housekeeping- 1
• Rate- 1
• Facility condition- 1
• Design/Mitigation Ideas
• Minimize sudden change of elevations - curbs
• Pathway clearance from objects
• Dont exclude walking in Job Hazard Analysis and
  Mitigation (JHAM)

Walking
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• MATERIAL HANDLING - 11 Accidents - What could be
  done?
• Excess manual force- 4?
• No gloves- 3
• Proper cart / hand trucks- 2
• Unstable body position- 1
• Avoid falling objects- 1
• Design/Mitigation Ideas
• Long term plan- decrease manual/increase powered
  lifting
• Job Planning- Safety meetings discuss options

Material Handling
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• STAIR USE - 5 Accidents - What could be done?
• No handrail use- 3
• Rate- 2
• No handtruck-1
• Splinter from handrail- 1
• Design/Mitigation
• Establish culture of using handrails
• Avoid carrying items that prevent you from using
  handrail/seeing
• Design OSHA compliant handrails
• Safety meetings/Job Hazard Analysis

Stair Use
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Preventing Some of the Most Serious Accidents -
Ladder Safety

• Pick the right ladder
• Dont use a ladder that is too short
• Inspect the ladder
• Climb with both hands free
• Include ladder safety in JHAM

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Preventing Some of the Most Serious Accidents-
Electrical Safety

• Work de-energized whenever possible
• If not, approach the situation with redundant
  controls
• Electrical Gloves
• Mats
• Hard hat in keeping with the rules
• Appropriate Clothing
• Of course include electrical work in safety
  planning

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Analysis of Work Associated with Most Serious
Accidents

• Review/Summarize 28 Selected Department of Energy
  (DOE) Type A B Investigations Apr 1997- Oct
  2001
• Look Nationally over a number of years, to obtain
  reasonable sample size for analysis

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What Qualifies as a Department of Energy (DOE)
Type A or B Accident/Incident?

• Type A B precisely defined in DOE order
• Type As (Worst) includes
• injury, chemical or biological exposure resulting
  in
• 1 or more fatalities
• 3 or more persons with serious injuries
• Property Accidents gt 2.5M
• Type Bs (Bad) includes
• Injury, chemical or biological exposure resulting
  in
• 1 or more persons having serious injuries
• Property Accidents gt 1 M

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Review/Summarize Relevant DOE Type A B Incident
Investigative Reports

• GENERAL WORK TYPE - OF INVESTIGATIONS
• Construction- 9
• Maintenance- 8
• No Activity- 3
• Environmental Work- 2
• Transportation- 2
• Demolition- 1
• Research- 1
• Material Handling- 1
• Helicopter- 1
• Total- 28

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Review/Summarize Relevant DOE Type A B Incident
Investigative Reports (cont.)

• Detailed Work Categories- incidents
• Electrical- 8
• working in substations- 3
• working on power lines- 1
• switchgear- 1
• motor control center- 1
• jackhammer- 1
• microwave, student taking measurements- 1

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Review/Summarize Relevant DOE Type A B Incident
Investigative Reports (cont.)

• Detailed Work Categories- incidents
• Tree Falling Under Power Lines- 2
• Heavy Equipment - Material snagged - 2

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DOE Fatalities for Work Relevant to SLAC, as
Reported in Type A Reports

• Tree Falling- Power Line Maintenance-1
• Electrical- De-energized Power Line- Induced
  Current - 1
• Grading- Run Over By Equipment - 1
• Heating and Air Conditioning Work- Fall From
  Height - 1

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List of Detailed Work Type As or Bs

• Electrical- Power Line 1
• Grading 1
• Helicopter- Bad Weather 1
• Hoisting and Rigging 1
• Jackhammer 1
• Janitorial 1
• Hauling 1
• Microwave 1
• Rooftop Work 1
• Switchgear 1
• Environmental Sampling 1
• Traffic accident on public road starts fire 1
• Waste 1
• TOTAL 28

• Electrical- Substation 3
• Tree Falling- Power Line 2
• Heavy Equipment- Material snagged 2
• Leaking Fluid 2
• HVAC 2
• Painting 1
• Electrical- Motor Control Center 1
• Asbestos Work 1
• Drilling Rig 1

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Conclusions Regarding Hazardous from DOE Data,
and Judgment

• Hazardous Work- In order of certainty?
• Conventional construction
• Building very large high energy physics
  facilities
• Conventional maintenance
• Electrical work- Especially high voltage work,
  substation work.
• Tree falling?
• Maintenance of Power Lines?
• Heavy Equipment Snagging Material?
• Research - Not much type A or B activity seen
• Exotic Experimental Equipment - Not much type A
  or B activity

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Challenges/Issues for Safety Progress Through
Safety Analysis

• People dont always listen or agree
• One-time communication not likely to change
  ingrained behaviors- need follow-on communication
• Need to have programs that generate habit
  strength?
• Uniform Hazard Analysis?
• Behavior Based Safety?
• Establish requirements in HEP labs for common
  behaviors such as hand rail usage, or watching
  where we are going? Is this going too far? Why?