Module 6

1
Module 6 MM5 Overview
William J. Gutowski, Jr. Iowa State University
2
Module 6 MM5 Overview
GOALS Flow of information in MM5 system Tasks of
individual codes Emphasis on climate simulation
3
Module 6 MM5 Overview

• OUTLINE
• Overall System
• Preprocessing
• MM5 details

4
Module 6 MM5 Overview

• OUTLINE
• Overall System

5
MM5 Modeling System
TERRAIN
Preprocessing
REGRID
INTERPF
6
MM5 Modeling System
TERRAIN
Preprocessing
REGRID
INTERPF
MM5
Simulation
7
MM5 Modeling System
TERRAIN
Preprocessing
REGRID
INTERPF
MM5
Simulation
GRAPH/RIP
Postprocessing
Output Analysis
8
MM5 Modeling System
TERRAIN
REGRID
RAWINS/little_r
INTERPF
INTERPB
NESTDOWN
MM5
GRAPH/RIP
Output Analysis
9
MM5 Coordinates Vertical
10
MM5 Coordinates Vertical
11
MM5 Coordinates Horizontal
(IMAX,JMAX)
I
(1,1)
J
12
MM5 Coordinates Horizontal
(IMAX,JMAX)
X
X
X
X
X
X
I
X
X
X
(1,1)
J
13
MM5 Coordinates Horizontal
(IMAX,JMAX)
X
X
X
T,q,p,w
Arakawa B-grid
u,v
X
X
X
I
X
X
X
(1,1)
J
14
MM5 Modeling System
X
X
X
X
How does a flat grid ...
15
MM5 Modeling System
X
X
?
X
X
How does a flat grid ...
...represent part of the spherical earth?
16
MM5 Modeling System
By projection to a flat plane
17
MM5 Modeling System
True at 90o
PolarStereographic
18
MM5 Modeling System
True at, e.g., 30o and 60o
Lambert Conformal
19
MM5 Modeling System
Mercator
True at 0o
20
MM5 Modeling System
Map Factor m (distance on grid)/(distance on
earth)
21
MM5 Modeling System
Forcing Frame for lateral boundary conditions
free interior
22
MM5 Modeling System

• Other Features
• Nonhydrostatic

• Grid nesting

23
Module 6 MM5 Overview

• OUTLINE
• Overall System
• Preprocessing

24
Preprocessing
TERRAIN
Preprocessing
REGRID
INTERPF
25
Preprocessing

• Data preparation
• topography
• land use
• gridded, 3-D atmospheric fields
• wind
• temperature
• humidity
• geopotential height
• initial surface conditions
• soil moisture
• soil temperature
• (direct observations)

26
Preprocessing
TERRAIN (1) establishes model domain and grid (2)
interpolates topographic and land use data to
model grid
27
Preprocessing

• TERRAIN domain specifications
• projection

28
Preprocessing

• TERRAIN domain specifications
• projection
• central latitude/longitude

29
Preprocessing

• TERRAIN domain specifications
• projection
• central latitude/longitude
• of grid points

(IMAX,JMAX)
30
Preprocessing

• TERRAIN domain specifications
• projection
• central latitude/longitude
• of grid points
• grid spacing

(IMAX,JMAX)
dX, dY
31
Preprocessing

• TERRAIN input
• 1. Topographic data
• 1o
• 30 min.
• 10 min.
• 5 min.
• 30 sec.

32
Preprocessing

• TERRAIN input
• 2. Land use/vegetation data
• PSU/NCAR (13 categories, global)
• SiB (17 categories, North America)
• USGS (25 categories, global)

33
Preprocessing

• TERRAIN input
• 3. Land/water mask
• SiB (North America)
• USGS (global)

34
Preprocessing
TERRAIN input 4. Soil texture 5. Monthly
vegetation fraction 6. Deep soil temperature
35
Preprocessing

• TERRAIN interpolation options
• 16-point, 2-D overlapping parabolic fit
• (all TERRAIN fields)
• Cressman-type objective analysis
• (topography only)

36
Preprocessing

• TERRAIN output files
• terrestrial data files
• printout (run information) file
• plot file in NCAR Graphics format

37
Preprocessing
TERRAIN
Preprocessing
REGRID
INTERPF
38
Preprocessing
REGRID Interpolates gridded atmospheric data
horizontally to model grid
39
Preprocessing

• REGRID input
• TERRAIN output
• Atmospheric analysis on pressure levels

40
Preprocessing

• REGRID output
• Atmospheric data on models horizontal grid
• (on pressure levels)

41
Preprocessing
TERRAIN
Preprocessing
REGRID
INTERPF
42
Preprocessing

• INTERPF
• Interpolates atmospheric data vertically to
  model grid
• Generates surface fields pressure, air
  temperature
• Initializes nonhydrostatic model

43
Preprocessing
INTERPF 1. Ingest REGRID output 2. Interpolate
vertically to s coordinate 3. Output initial
conditions lateral boundary conditions
44
Module 6 MM5 Overview

• OUTLINE
• Overall System
• Preprocessing
• MM5 details

45
MM5 details
TERRAIN
Preprocessing
REGRID
INTERPF
MM5
Simulation
46
MM5 details
Conservation laws (1) Projected to model
grid (2) Transformed to sigma coordinates
Earlier
Tutorial, p.8-4
47
MM5 details
Conservation laws (1) Projected to model
grid (2) Transformed to sigma coordinates
Earlier
Tutorial, p.8-4
48
MM5 details
Time Stepping
T, q, advection, physics, boundary, coriolis,
diffusion terms
n-1
n
n1
Long (leapfrog) step
Dt
Dt
49
MM5 details
Split-explicit Time Stepping
T, q, advection, physics, boundary, coriolis,
diffusion terms
n-1
n
n1
Long (leapfrog) step
Dt
Dt
Short (forward) step
Dt
pressure gradients, divergence terms
50
MM5 details
Convection parameterization

• Options -
• None
• Anthes-Kuo
• Grell
• Arakawa-Schubert
• Fritsch-Chappell
• Kain-Fritsch
• Betts-Miller
• Shallow Cumulus

51
MM5 details
Explicit Moisture Schemes

• Options -
• Dry
• Stable
• Warm microphysics
• Simple ice
• Mixed phase
• Goddard
• Reisner graupel
• Schultz microphysics

52
MM5 details
Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes

• Options -
• None
• Bulk
• High-Res. Blackadar
• Burk-Thompson
• Eta
• MRF
• Gayno-Seaman

53
MM5 details
Radiation Schemes

• Options -
• None
• Simple cooling
• Cloud-radiation
• CCM2
• RRTM longwave

54
MM5 details
Land Surface Schemes

• Options -
• None
• Force-Restore
• Five-Layer Soil
• OSU/Eta Land-Surface Model

55
MM5 details
Scheme Couplings
moistening
Convection
Explicit Moisture
cloud
Radiation
PBL
downward SW LW
sfc. fluxes
sfc. T,q,wind
upward LW albedo
Surface
56
MM5 Modeling System
TERRAIN
Preprocessing
REGRID
INTERPF
MM5
Simulation
GRAPH/RIP
Postprocessing
Output Analysis