Advances and Operating Strategies for Green Intermodal Container Terminals Vaibhav Govil

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Advances and Operating Strategies for Green
Intermodal Container TerminalsVaibhav Govil

• November 4, 2007

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Project Goals

• Opportunity re-use of Oakland Army Base
• Goal Plan a state-of-the art intermodal terminal
• Environmentally Green
• Automated
• High Throughput
• Cost Effective
• Options Considered
• Nested Cantilever RMGs
• RTGs Tractors

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OHIT Site Location
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OHIT Options
Option A Nested RMGs with no direct street
truck to rail access
Option B Nested RMGs with direct street truck
to rail moves
Option C Traditional Operations with RTGs
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IY In HamburgRMG shown is similar to rail crane
in Opts A or B
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Typical RTG based Railyard
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Procedure

• Develop a wide range of options for OHIT
• Select a small number of preferred options for
  detailed analysis
• Develop simulation models of preferred options
• Generate base case performance data
• Run sensitivity analyses on factors of interest
• Develop cost per move and emissions per move data
  based on simulation output
• Present results to Port management
• Refine based on feedback and make a recommendation

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Simulation Loading Assumptions
Trucks with livemoves park in line with railcar
Railcar wells are60 on center
40 containersin buffer stacks are 44 on
center(maybe less)
Each stack is the same destination
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Primary Analysis Results

• RMGs working trains will do approximately 30
  moves per RMG per hour
• Not sensitive to live moves
• RMGs have to gantry for all moves
• Additional gantrying to serve trucks is not
  significant
• Not sensitive to tracks in simultaneous use

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Train Work SequenceRed areas represent container
lifting
Note that only approximately 33 of the time per
train is available for container lifting
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Cost Comparison

• Overall and per-lift costs were calculated
• Different volumes used to compare startup and
  long term operations
• 250,000 lifts per year startup for all options
• 667,000 lifts per year for Option C at capacity
• 1,000,000 lifts per year for Options AB at
  capacity (6-8 trains/day)
• Net productivity simulation output was used to
  generate operating hours per year
• Unit costs per hour for key inputs were used to
  get cost per lift

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Calculating the Cost of Air Pollution

• Determine emissions per move from each option
• Include emissions from electricity generation
• Use published data on value to society of
  removing pollution examples include subsides
  for cleaner trucks, tugs etc.
• Add this cost to overall facility cost comparison

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Emissions Analysis

• JWD assumed RTGs and Tractors would use Tier 3
  diesel engines.
• Emissions are calculated on grams per brake
  horsepower -hr of operation
• CO 2.6 g/bhp-hr
• NOx 3.0 g/bhp-hr
• PM 0.15 g/bhp-hr
• Mean horsepower in use from Kalmar
• RTG 100
• Tractor 80
• Cost of emissions based on what others are paying
  to remove them. From NRDC
• NOx 5.61 per kg
• PM 70.00 per kg
• Solar photovoltaics can reduce pollution further
  and perhaps save cost

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RMGs Can Regenerate Power while Lowering
Containers
Negative values indicatepower re-generation
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NOx emissions per move (grams)Electric source
emissions based on US mean from NRDC
Electric emissions can be reduced through clean
power generation
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Opportunities for Solar PV at OHIT

• Roofs of buildings
• Shade canopies in POV parking areas
• Canopies integrated with RMG cranes

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Automation Potential

• RMGs can be automated with remote operators as
  needed for truck service
• CTA marine terminal Hamburg
• Warsteiner Brewry railyard Germany
• RTGs tractors cannot effectively be automated
  drivers required on each vehicle
• Labor assumptions
• 1.25 drivers per RTG or tractor
• One remote RMG driver per 2.5 RMGs

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Console for Remote Yard Crane Operations for
Gate Service in Hamburg
A camera on each corner of the spreadershows an
image here
This joystick controls the electric crane
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Cost Details at 250k lifts/year
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Cost Details at Buildout Capacity1M or 0.67M
lifts/yr
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Conclusions

• RMG based options recommended for OHIT.
  Advantages vs RTGs include
• Much lower emissions
• Higher capacity
• Higher safety No chance of truck/crane
  collision
• Cost per move of automated RMGs vs conventional
  RTGs are similar at low volumes
• Automated RMG systems are much cheaper per-lift
  at high volumes

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Thank You
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Speaker Contact Information

• Vaibhav GovilJWD Group, a division of
  DMJMHarris750 Lakeside Dr.Oakland CA,
  94612Phone [phone]Fax [phone]Email
  vaibhav.govil_at_dmjmharris.comWeb
  www.dmjmharris.com