SKwyRL

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SKwyRL
http//www.isys.ucl.ac.be/skwyrl
Social intentional ArChitectures for Knowledge
Systems and Requirements ELicitation

• Manuel Kolp

IAG Seminar, Louvain-La-Neuve, February 11 2002
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Life Cycle

• 1. Early requirements understanding an
  organizational setting output organizational
  model with relevant actors, goals and
  dependencies
• 2. Late requirements system-to-be described
  within its operational environment, with relevant
  functions and qualities
• 3. Architectural design global architecture in
  terms of interconnected subsystems
• 4. Detailed design behavior of each
  architectural component in detail
• 5. Implementation consistently with detailed
  design

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Motivation

• Narrowing the gap between organization modeling
  and system design
• Same concepts Social and intentional structures
• Coordinated autonomous with goals social
  dependencies
• Concepts from organization and requirements
  modeling
• Ontology 3 levels (Macro, micro, atomic)

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A Social Intentional Computing Paradigm

• Agent
• A person, an organization, certain kinds of
  software.
• Autonomous, pro-active, knowledge oriented,
  adaptative with/in its environment ?
  Intelligence
• Software Agent
• Implemented with/in software technologies
• Environment humans, machines, other agents,
  platforms.
• Pro-active Goals

Multi-agent system societies of individuals to
achieve particular, possible common goals.
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The BDI Agent Model
Human
Beliefs - perceived understanding of the world
Goals or desires
Accumulated behaviours
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Example Agents at Work
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Agents on the Internet
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Intelligent Secretary
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User Assistance

• The animated help characters in Microsoft Office
  products.
• Use Bayesian networks to analyze and predict
  possible topics that the user may need help with.

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Searching the Web bots, engines, crawler

• The original Lycos spiders have evolved into a
  multiagent system of cooperating components that
  can visit and analyze more than 10,000,000 Web
  pages each day.
• In Richard Green and Sangam Pant, Multiagent Data
  Collection in Lycos, Communication of the ACM,
  March 1999/Vol. 42, No. 3
• Alltheweb, Altavista, Yahoo, Hotbot, Google,
  Copernic

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Searching the Web bots, engines, crawler
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Pricebots

• Dynamically set prices in an evolutive
  environment
• Intention Maximize long term profit
• Desires Optimize local price
• Beliefs
• Competitor prices
• Buyer behavior model
• Competitor behavior model
• Barnesandnoble.com, Chapters.com,

BDI Model
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Pricebots
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Recommendations/Notifications
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Key Concepts for E-commerce Agents
Customer
Agent
Business
User Profile
Catalog
Zip, age, gender, purchase history, preferences,
interests, needs,
Item 1 Item 2 Item 3
Profile Manager
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Social Ontology 3 Levels

• 1 Macrolevel Organizational Styles (OT SA)
• Vertical Integration, Pyramid, Joint Venture,
  Structure in 5, Bidding, Hierarchical
  Contracting, Co-optation, Takeover
• 2 Micro level Social Patterns (Agent, COOPIS
  Community)
• Broker, Matchmaker, Contract-Net, Mediator,
  Monitor, Embassy, Wrapper, Master-Slave, ...
• 3 Atomic Social and intentional concepts i
• goals, actors, social dependencies,

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From i to Agent Concepts
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An Insurance Example
Claims payout
Car repaired
D
D
D
D
Premium payment
D
Pay repairs
D
Insurance Company
D
D
Repairs covered
D
Body Shop
D
Owner
D
Maximize estimate
D
D
D
D
Customer happy
D
D
Appraise damages
D
D
Minimize repairs
D
Continue business
D
Secure employment
Fair repair appraisal
D
D
D
Goal
Resource
Appraiser
Task
Softgoal
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Social Ontology 3 Levels

• 1 Macrolevel Organizational Styles (OT, SA)
• Vertical Integration, Pyramid, Joint Venture,
  Structure in 5, Bidding, Hierarchical
  Contracting, Co-optation, Takeover
• 2 Micro level Social Patterns (Agent, COOPIS
  Community)
• Broker, Matchmaker, Contract-Net, Mediator,
  Monitor, Embassy, Wrapper, Master-Slave, ...
• 3 Atomic Social and intentional concepts i
• goals, actors, social dependencies,

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Organization Theory and Strategic Alliances

• Models for (business) organizations
• Model the coordination of business stakeholders
  -- individuals, physical or social systems -- to
  achieve common (business) goals.
• Organization Theory internal structure
• Strategic Alliances external collaborations

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Structure in 5

• Operational core basic operations - input,
  processing, output associated with running the
  organization.
• Strategic apex executive, strategic decisions.
• Support Assists OC for non-operational services
  outside the basic flow of operational procedures.
  
• Technostructure standardizes the behavior of
  other components, help the system adapt to its
  environment.
• Middle line Actors who join the apex to the
  core.

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Structure in 5 in i and Telos metaconcepts
In i
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Joint Venture in i and Telos metaconcepts
TELL CLASS JointVentureMetaClass IN Class WITH
/Class is a MetaMetaClass/ attribute
name String part, exclusivePart,
dependentPart JointManagementMetaClass
Class part, exclusivePart /exclusive and
independent part/ PrincipalPartnerMetaClass
Class part /shared and independent
part/ SecondaryPartnerMetaClass Class END
JointVentureMetaClass In Telos
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Mobile Robot Case Study
Need to establish direct communication Data
control hierarchies not separated Prevent
manipulation of components Information exchange
not always straight-forward
RWI Robots (irobot.com) ATRV, B21r, B14r,
Magellan
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Organizational Architectures Structure-in-5
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Legolog for Office Delivery Robot

• Cognitive Robotics environment for the LEGO
  MINDSTORMSTM Robotics Invention System TM
• http//www.cs.toronto.edu/cogrobo/Legolog/
• OR LeJOS (http//lejos.sourceforge.net) JACK
  agents

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Legolog for Office Delivery Robot
In Structure in 5
In Joint Venture
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A User 2 On-line Buying System

• Media taxonomy
• on-line catalog
• DBMS
• E-Shopping Cart
• Check In
• Buying
• Check Out
• Search Engine
• catalog browser
• Keywords
• full-text
• Billing Processor
• transactions
• orders
• Multimedia
• description
• samples

Security, Availability, Adaptability,
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Media Industry Architectural Design
E-business styles on web, protocols,
technologies Not on business processes, NFRs No
conceptual high-level perspective
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Social Ontology 3 Levels

• 1 Macrolevel Organizational Styles (OT SA)
• Vertical Integration, Pyramid, Joint Venture,
  Structure in 5, Bidding, Hierarchical
  Contracting, Co-optation, Takeover
• 2 Micro level Social Patterns (Agent, COOPIS
  Community)
• Broker, Matchmaker, Contract-Net, Mediator,
  Monitor, Embassy, Wrapper, Master-Slave, ...
• 3 Atomic Social and intentional concepts i
• goals, actors, social dependencies,

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Social Patterns
Mediator
Embassy
Contract-Net
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Assigning Agent Roles to Actors
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Example Peer-to-Peer Application (Gnutella)
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Mediators and Contract-Net in Gnutella
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Notification in Gnutella
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Acceptance or Denial
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Acceptance or Denial
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The Tropos Project
Agent-oriented programming
i
TROPOS
GAIA
KAOS
Z
AUML
UML, Catalysis Co.
!! The GAP !!
Detailed design
Early requirements
Architectural design
Late requirements
Implementation
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Conclusion

• System described with concepts from requirements
  and organization modeling
• ? Narrows the gap requirements / design
• Multi-Agent Architectures as social and
  intentional structures
• Best suited to open, dynamic and distributed
  applications
• Ontology on 3 levels
• Macro Organization Styles
• Micro Social Patterns
• Atomic i - goals, actors, social dependencies,

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