Informing Utilities and Policymakers on the Customer Side of Smart Grid

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Informing Utilities and Policymakers on
the Customer Side of Smart Grid
Harvey Michaels, Scientist/Lecturer DUSP
Environmental Policy and MITEI 617-253-2084
hgm_at_mit.edu 9-326 Instructor
Enabling an Energy Efficient
Society
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Efficiency in US Homes and Buildings
( 71 of all electricity, 54 of all natural
gas)

• Potential
• Est. 50 Savings at Lower Cost over 20 years.
• Without sacrificing comfort or function,
• Technology Examples
• Home Central AC tune-ups can displace 25000 MW
  (25 plants) for 12B
• CFLs in recessed cans will save 5 overall
  (LEDs 7)
• Optimization/storage can reduce peak load AND
  ENERGY USE by 25.
• Deployment Methods (examples)
• Smart Grid Pricing/AMI, and info/behavioral
  technologies,
• Rebates/Direct-install funded by utilities,
  carbon cap-and-trade,
• New building codes, upgrade on transfer,
  appliance standards.

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Smart Grid Utility Private Network Architecture
utility provides meter-to-devices communication
Customer
Utility-network devices in home
MDM/Head-end
Utility-side
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The Customer Side of AMI 2 strategies

• 1 AMI Responsive Energy Strategy
• Price-based demand response, using
  time-differentiated rates, which requires AMI.
• Vision Customers view data, make choices, in
  time automatic response by customers thermostat
  and other devices.
• 2 Smart Grid Utility Control Strategy
• Push-button Control-based demand response The
  Utility monitors and controls end use equipment.
• Vision Generation, transmission, distribution,
  and end use equipment as part of a single system.
• Interval meter reads not essential.

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Do we want Smart Grid - Utility Control?

• End use equipment is visible and controllable by
  the utility or third party
• Smart Grid is more dispatchable (perhaps) and
  therefore can replace spinning reserve
  .but some find it kind of scary.

Resistance is Futile Prepare to be Assimilated
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Customer Side of Smart Grid Responsive
EnergyProviding consumers with energy
diagnostics, feedback, control
I2E
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Definition Responsive Energy

• Enable responsive, smart energy environments
  that are gracefully integrated with
  people.
• SUCH AS systems for optimizing consumers
  end-use needs
  (especially air
  conditioning, heat, hot water)
• based on weather, schedules, and time
  differentiated costs.
• Smart/Responsive energy holds great potential for
  displacing the need for other
  energy resources.
• But what will be the ultimate delivery model
  utility or marketplace?
• And who will control the smarts utility or
  customer?

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Vision Web/IP Collaboration of Workspaces-
customer/home network has access on demand to
real time, high frequency meter reads
Device Workspace
Customer-side
Utilitys Web Workspace
MDM
CRM
Utility-side
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Questions Utilities in the Responsive Energy
World

• Utility-controlled vs. Customer-controlled
  optimization?
• Home network gateway and/or Meter network
  gateway?
• AMI
• two way, high bandwidth communications?
• Meter-to-Home Network Communications?
• Web Workspaces vs. In-home displays
• Working with the Market

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Cross-campus Responsive energy research

• Intelligent Infrastructure for Energy Efficiency
  (I2EE) research on in-building communication
  methods.
• Energy Box - consumer-managed modulation systems.
  
• Behavioral systems to encourage energy
  efficiency.
• Building energy analysis based on control schema.
• Evaluating community-level measurement and
  modulation systems
• Innovation Pathways - for energy efficiency and
  smart grid.

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Vision - Applications for the Smart Consumer

• Utility, thermostat, appliance, Google, etc. make
  app.
• View on home PC, work PC, TV, cell phone (at
  least until next year).
• Application ideas
• Make my AC, water heater, pool pump, refrigerator
  use pattern smarter.
• Find out what anything costs to run.
• Choose the best rate for me.
• Choose a theme understand the consequences- do
  it (ie. More Green)
• Sell a DR option.

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Informing Utilities and Policymakers on
the Customer Side of Smart Grid
Harvey Michaels, Scientist/Lecturer DUSP
Environmental Policy and MITEI 617-253-2084
hgm_at_mit.edu 9-326 Instructor
Enabling an Energy Efficient
Society