Update on Residential Fuel Cells Demonstration and Related Activities in Japan

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Update on Residential Fuel Cells Demonstration
and Related Activities in Japan

• Ryozo Tanaka (Mr)
• Climate Change Energy Team Leader
• Science and Innovation Section
• British Embassy Tokyo
• E-mail ryozo.tanaka_at_fco.gov.uk

9 September 2008
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Contents
(1) Large-scale Demonstration for
Residential PEMFC(2) Standardisation of Balance
of Plant for Residential PEMFC(3) Plans
for Mass-production of Residential PEMFC
(4) SOFC Demonstration
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(1) Large-scale Demonstration for
Residential PEMFC

• A national subsidy scheme for implementation of
  1kW-class PEMFC at households
• Fuel suppliers who tie up with fuel cells
  manufacturers can apply to the scheme
• Subsidy receivers are required to submit
  operational data to the programme operator for
  two years
• Started in FY2005 and will be closed FY2008

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Structure of the Demonstration Programme
Committee on performance evaluation
Data
METI
NEDO
NEF
Operational data
Subsidy
Instalment of fuel cells
PEMFC Manufacturer
Fuel Suppliers
Household
Supply of fuel cells
Fuel supply
METI Ministry of Economy, Trade and
Industry NEDO New Energy and Industrial
Technology Development Organisation NEF New
Energy Foundation
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Why 1kW-class Fuel Cells?
A 1kW-class fuel cell system covers 100 of hot
water and 60 power in demand at a typical
household in Japan.
Fig. Energy Consumption per household (GJ/
household/ year)
(Source Jyukankyo Research Institute INC.)
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Participants in the Demonstration
City Gas (Natural Gas)
LPG
Kerosene
Tokyo Gas Osaka Gas Toho Gas
Nippon Oil Japan Energy Idemitsu
Major Fuel Suppliers
Nippon Oil
Eneos Celltech Ebara Toshiba Panasonic Toyota
Major Fuel Cell Manufacturer
Eneos Celltech Toshiba
Ebara
Joint company established by Nippon Oil and
Sanyo
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Amount of Subsidy and Number of Subsidised Units
subsidy per unit (for fuel supplier)
of units
average cost
6.0M yen GBP 30k
7.7M yen GBP 39k
2005
480
4.5M yen GBP 23k
5.8M yen GBP 29k
40 down
2006
777
3.5M yen GBP 18k
4.8M yen GBP 24k
2007
930
2.2M yen GBP 11k
2008
1,120
3,307
total
Target cost 1.0-1.2M yen (GBP5-6K) in
2010 500K yen (GBP2.5k) in 2015
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Operational Data Required to Acquire
Power generated at the system Consumed power
at the system Energy efficiency (HHV) Heat
recovery rate Operational period Troubles
(components, causes etc.) Supply of power
Supply of hot water
(Source) http//www.nedo.go.jp/kankobutsu/pamphlet
s/kouhou/2007gaiyo_e/79_86.pdf
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Achievement through the Demonstration

• Accumulated operational hours are 12M hours and
  accumulated power generated is nearly 7M kWh. (as
  of March 2008)
• Proved fuel cells potential to reduce 1,000MJ of
  primary energy and 100kg of CO2 emissions per
  house monthly.
• Efficiencies, durability and liability have been
  improved.
• Costs of fuel cells have been reduced by 40 for
  two years (as of 2007)

Successor Programme

• METI intends to launch a subsidy scheme in 2009
  for consumers to purchase a residential fuel cell
  system (not for fuel suppliers)

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(2) Standardisation of Balance of Plant
for Residential PEMFC

• To develop standard auxiliary components with low
  loss of power, 40,000-hour durability (10-year
  product lifetime) and low cost
• Targeted are 11 categories of components,
  including rotating machines such as pumps and
  bulbs
• System makers (such as Sanyo and Ebara) defined a
  common specification for each component and
  components makers have been developing products
  to meet the specifications.
• Started in FY2005 and ended in FY2007, followed
  by a two-year 2nd phase

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Target Cost Reduction

• The cost of residential fuel cells was estimated
  at 2.08M yen (GBP10K) in 2004, assuming
  mass-production of 10,000 units per year.

• To establish an entry market around 2010, the
  cost should be 1.0 to 1.2M yen (GBP5 to 6K).
• To achieve this cost target, the programme has
  targeted 50 of BOP to reduce their costs from
  410K yen to 80K yen.

Target Durability

• Durable in operation of accumulated 40,000 hours
  to enable fuel cells to keep working for 10 years

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Selected Components for Standardisation
Selected for standardisation were 50 of BOP,
which were categorised into the following 11
groups.
(1) fuel booster blower for reformer (2) air
blower for capturing carbon monoxide (3) air
blower for cathode (4) air blower for burner in
reformer (5) water pump for reformer (6) heat
recovery pump, cooling water pump for stack (7)
shutoff valve (8) relief valve (9) water flow
metre for reforming (10) pressure sensor (11)
fuel flow metre
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Structure of the BOP Standardisation Programme
METI
Numbers in blankets correspond to those on
the previous slide.
NEDO
System maker (responsible company)
Panasonic blowers (1)(2)
Ebara metres, sensors (9)(10)(11)
Sanyo pumps (5)(6)
Toshiba valves (7)(8)
Fuji blowers (3)(4)
Taisan Industrial
Nidec Copal Electronics
Nippon Control Kogyo, Iwaki, Mikuni
Saginomiya, Time Engineering Mikuni, SMC, IBS
Japan,
BOP maker
Ebara, Nikuni, Ogihara MFG, Matsushita Electric
Works
Ebara, Yasunaga Air Pump
Techno Takatsuki, Ulvac Kiko, Iwaki
Aichi tokei denki, Oval, Yamatake
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Achievement through BOP Standardisation

• Developed rotating machines such as pumps and
  bulbs with loss of power
• Developed components durable for 40,000 hours,
  except for safety valves. Some are durable for
  60,000 hours.
• Reduced cost of targeted components from 410K yen
  to 110K yen, but failed to achieve a target of
  80K yen.
• Fuel cells manufacturers have decided to adopt
  70 of the components developed in the programme
  for their commercial products.
• BOP makers are ready to mass-produce components
  to be adopted.

Successor Programme

• METI launched a two-year programme for
  standardisation of (1) water treatment, (2) heat
  exchanger and (3) power conversion this year.

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(3) Plans for Mass-production of
Residential PEMFC
Mass-production Plan
Site
1,500/year 10,000/year 200,000/year
FY2009 FY 2010 by FY2015
Panasonic
Shiga
10,000/year 40,000/year 150,000 in total
FY2009 by FY2015
Eneos Celltech
Gunma
1,500/year 10,000/year
FY2008 FY2009
Ebara
Kanagawa
Toshiba
Toyota
Joint company established by Nippon Oil and
Sanyo
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(4) SOFC Demonstration

• Demonstration of 0.5kW-10kW SOFC at households or
  business facilities
• The programme organiser rents SOFC from its
  manufacturer and supplies it to an SOFC operator
• SOFC operators run the system over half year,
  submitting operational data to the programme
  organiser
• A four-year programme, started in FY2007

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Structure of the Demonstration Programme
Committee on performance evaluation
Data
METI
NEDO
NEF
SOFC rental
Operational data
Provision of SOFC
Instalment and operation of SOFC
SOFC Manufacturer
SOFC Operator
Household etc.
Main-tenance
METI Ministry of Economy, Trade and
Industry NEDO New Energy and Industrial
Technology Development Organisation NEF New
Energy Foundation
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Participants in the SOFC Demonstration
SOFC Manufacturer
SOFC Operator
2007
2008
Output
Fuel
Osaka Gas Tokyo Gas Hokkaido Gas Saibu Gas Nippon
Oil Nippon Oil TOTO TOTO TOTO TEPCO
Kyocera Kyocera Kyocera Kyocera Nippon Oil Nippon
Oil TOTO TOTO TOTO Kyocera
City Gas City Gas City Gas City
Gas LPG Kerosene City Gas City Gas City Gas City
Gas
20 3 1 1 1 2
25 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1
1kW class 1kW class 1kW class 1kW class 1kW
class 1kW class 2kW class 1kW class 9kW 1kW class
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Reference
(1) Large-scale Demonstration for Residential
PEMFC NEDO homepage http//www.nedo.go.jp/ NEF
homepage http//happyfc.nef.or.jp/ (only in
Japanese)(2) Standardisation of Balance of Plant
for Residential PEMFC NEDO homepage
http//www.nedo.go.jp/ http//www.nedo.go.jp/kok
usai/kouhou/181027/3211.pdf(3) Plans for
Mass-production of Residential PEMFC Nikkei
Shimbun (FT equivalent newspaper)(4) SOFC
Programme NEF homepage http//sofc.nef.or.jp/
index.html (only in Japanese)