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STRAW INSEMINATION PROCEDURES

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Title: STRAW INSEMINATION PROCEDURES


1
CHAPTER 5
STRAW INSEMINATION PROCEDURES
2
Super Kit
  • Tweezers Inseminating Syringe
  • Isopropyl Alcohol Paper Towels
  • Lubricant Gloves
  • Safety Glasses Electronic Thaw Monitor
  • Cito Thaw or Straw Thermos
  • Cito Cutter or Straw Scissors
  • Disposable Plastic Sheaths
  • Plastic, Shoulder-Length Gloves

3
Cito Thaw vs Straw Thermos
  • Cito Thaw
  • Electronically Warms and Maintains Temperature
    Between 94 and 98 Degrees Fahrenheit
  • Straw Thermos
  • Vacuum Bottle That Holds Preheated Water Temp.
  • Dial Thermometers Need to be Continually Checked
    and Calibrated

4
Accurate Thaw Temperature
  • Always Double Check Water Temperature With
    Thermometer
  • Temperature Should be Between 94 - 98 Degrees
    Fahrenheit (35 - 37 Degrees Celsius)
  • Inaccurate Thaw Temperature Can Lead To
  • Too High Dead Sperm
  • Too Low Fewer Live Sperm
  • Too Long at Warm Temp Fewer Live Sperm

5
Other Equipment
  • Disinfectant
  • Never Store in Your Insemination Kit
  • Keep Away From Equipment That Will Contact Sperm
  • Will Quickly Kill Sperm
  • Pail and Scrub Brush with Disinfectant
  • Used to Clean Footwear Before Leaving Farm
  • Liquid Nitrogen Refrigerator
  • Stores Semen at -320 Degrees Fahrenheit (-196
    Degrees Celsius)

6
Insemination Procedure
  • Use These Steps in Conjunction with Chapter 4,
    Finding the Inseminators Target, to Properly
    Inseminate Your Cow or Heifer

7
Step 1
  • Have a Good Animal Identification System
  • Helps You Keep Accurate Insemination Records
  • See Chapter 6 for Several Record Keeping Systems

8
Step 2
  • Fill Cito Thaw With Cold Water
  • Do Not Use Hot Water - May Cause Water to Over
    Heat
  • Plug in Cito Thaw
  • Red Light Will Appear Until Water is at Proper
    Temp.
  • Green Light Comes on When Water is at Proper Temp.

9
Step 3
  • Double-Check Green Light
  • Use Provided Electronic Thaw Monitor
  • Submerge for 10 Seconds or More
  • Large Numbers Indicate Water Temperature

10
Step 4
  • Using a Straw Thermos
  • Fill With Warm Tap Water
  • Read Thermometer for Temperature
  • If Between 94 -98 Degrees Fahrenheit O.K.
  • If Colder or Hotter Add Water to Adjust
    Temperature to Proper Level
  • Will Only Hold Water at Correct Temperature for a
    Limited Time
  • Frequently Check Dial Thermometers to Ensure
    Accurate Thawing
  • Recalibrate Dial Thermometers Frequently

11
Step 5
  • Thawing Semen Straw
  • Most Semen is Packaged in .25 and .5 Milliliter
    Straws
  • They Are 5 1/2 Inches Long, Easy to Use and
    Convenient to Store
  • Thaw For at Least 30 Seconds but Not More Than 15
    Minutes.

12
Step 6
  • Always Place Cito Thaw/Straw Thermos Next to
    Refrigerator.
  • Reduces Time Straw is Exposed to Air Temperature
  • Cover Thaw Unit As Soon as Transfer is Complete

13
Semen Temperature
  • Temperature Rises Quickly When Exposed to Air
  • Reaches Critical Zone in Less Than 15 Seconds
  • Critical Zone Sperm Damage if Recooled

14
Thawing Method Effect
  • Never Thaw ABS Straws in Your Pocket, in the Air
    or in the Cow
  • Thawing Rate is too Slow
  • Reduces Sperm Cell Survival and Fertility

15
Effect of Holding Thawed Semen
  • Never Hold Thawed Semen For More Than 15 Minutes
  • Holding Longer Reduces the Number of Live
    (Motile) Sperm

16
Step 7
  • Straws are Stored in Liquid Nitrogen
    Refrigerators
  • Straws are Packaged in an ABS Patented Rack or
    Goblet
  • Bull Number is Printed on Top of Rack or on a Rod
    Inserted in the Goblet

17
Step 8
  • Dont Leave Canister in Neck of Refrigerator to
    Long
  • Canister Holds Semen Racks Inside Refrigerator
  • Neck Tube is Relatively Warm
  • Leaving Canister in Neck Too Long Can Lead to
    Sperm Damage

18
Step 9
  • When Not Using Refrigerator Make Sure it is
    Secure
  • Liquid Nitrogen is as Dangerous as Boiling Water
  • Lock up Tank to Prevent Possible Injury to
    Children and Others

19
Step 10
  • Uncap Refrigerator and Quickly Locate Canister
    That You Want
  • Lift Handle Out of Index Ring
  • Remove Only As Far As Needed to Pick up Desired
    Straw Rack
  • Keep Below Top of Refrigerator Neck Tube

20
Step 11
  • If You Cant Locate the Correct Rack in Under 10
    Seconds Re-Lower Canister Into Liquid Nitrogen
    for 10 to15 Seconds
  • If Liquid Nitrogen Boils or Emits Vapors When
    Canister is Lowered Youre Holding it in the Neck
    Tube To Long

21
Step 12
  • As you Lift the Canister Place the Handle Between
    Your First and Second Fingers
  • Have your Palm Towards the Refrigerator
  • Hold the Canister Handle Against the neck Tube
  • Your Thumb Will be Free

22
Step 13
  • With Your Free Gloved Hand, Reach Into neck Tube
    and Pick Up Desired Rack
  • Raise Rack Far Enough to Reach Uppermost Straws
  • Grasp Rack Between Thumb and Fore Finger

23
Step 14
  • With Specially Designed Tweezers Lift Straw
    Straight Out of Rack
  • Do NOT Bend the Straw Because it Could Break
  • Quickly Place Straw in Thaw Water
  • Lower Rack and Canister
  • Recap Refrigerator

24
Step 15
  • Remove Straw From Cito Thaw/Straw Thermos
  • Dry it With a Clean Paper Towel
  • Prevents Water Droplets From Contaminating Semen
    and Killing Sperm
  • Always Use a Paper Towel When Handling Straws

25
Step 16
  • Double-check Bull Identification Number on Straw
  • Record Sire Number and Collection Code on Cow
    Card
  • Take Care to Not Expose Straw too Long

26
Syringe Types
27
Step 17
  • Adjust Air Space in Straw
  • Eliminates Semen Loss When Cutting Straw
  • Slightly Flick Your Wrist While Holding Straw at
    the Crimped End

28
Step 18
  • Cut off Crimp-sealed End with Specially Designed
    Cito Cutter or Straw Scissors
  • Cut Through Center of Straws Air Space
  • Cut Straw Square (Straight Across)
  • Never Cut at an Angle

29
Step 19
  • With Spiral Syringe Use Unsplist Sheaths With
    Plastic Adapters
  • Insert Cut End of Straw Into Adapter
  • Hold Sheath Just in Front of Adapter Between
    Thumb and Fore Finger
  • Gently Push and Twist Straw Until it Enters
    Adapter

30
Step 20
  • Continue Pushing Straw and Adapter Into Sheath
    Until Only Cotton-Plug End is Outside of Sheath
  • Do Not Bend Straw

31
Step 21
  • Pull Back Syringe Plunger About 5 Inches
  • Place Sheath Containing Straw Over the Syringe
    End
  • Slowly Push Sheath Over the Barrel
  • Straw Goes Into the Syringe

32
Step 22
  • To Secure the Sheath to the Spiral Syringe -Screw
    the Sheath Onto the Syringe Until Adapter is
    Flush with Tip of Sheath
  • Be Sure the Adapter is Fitted Firmly in the
    Sheath End

33
Step 23
  • Depress Plunger Slowly to Remove Air Space in the
    Outer End of the Straw
  • Will Shorten Plunger
  • Ensures Correctness of Sheath-syringe Assembly
  • Dont Push too Far and Loose Semen

34
Step 24
  • O Ring Syringe
  • Can Use Two Types of Sheaths
  • Clear, Split-end with Green Adapter (Recommended)
  • Clear, Split-end with No Adapter

35
Step 25
  • Loading Procedure Same for Split Sheath With
    Green Adapter as for Loading Spiral Syringe
  • Insert Cut End of Straw Into Adapter
  • Push Straw and Adapter Into Sheath
  • Place Sheath With Straw Over Barrel
  • Push Through the O Ring and Onto Expanded Barrel

36
Step 26
  • Secure Sheath Onto Expanded Portion of Barrel
  • Slightly Twist O Ring Toward the Syringe Flange
    (Rim)
  • Depress Plunger Slowly to Remove Air Space at
    Straw End

37
Step 27
  • Loading the O Ring Syringe and Sheath With No
    Adapter
  • Pull Out Syringe Plunger 5 Inches
  • Insert Straw, Cotton-plug End first, Into Open,
    Pre-cut End of Syringe Barrel
  • About 1 Inch of Straw Will Remain Outside of
    Barrel

38
Step 28
  • Pass Open End of Sheath Over Tip of Straw
  • Draw it Over Entire Steel Barrel
  • Push Sheath Through O Ring and Onto Expanded
    Part of Barrel
  • Expel Airspace From End of Straw

39
Step 29
  • Always Protect Syringe From Cooler Temps and
    Direct Sunlight
  • Keep Loaded Syringe in Coveralls, Shirt or Jacket
  • Body Heat Protects Semen From Temperature Extremes

40
Step 30
  • Put on Plastic, Shoulder-length Glove on Arm That
    Will Be Working in Cow
  • Make Sure Its Stretched Completely up Arm and
    Fingers are Well-filled and Fairly Tight
  • Have Two or Three Clean Paper Towels Opened In
    Your Pocket

41
Step 31
  • Pick Up Cows Tail and Move it Toward the Outside
    of the Arm that Will Enter the Cow
  • Use Hand that Does Not Have the Glove
  • Use a Paper Towel to Avoid Direct Contact With
    Manure and Genital Discharge

42
Step 32
  • With the Hand Outside the Cow, Wipe the Area
    Around the Vulva and Inside Lips With a New, Dry
    Paper Towel

43
Step 33
  • By Exerting a Slight Backward and Downward
    Pressure With the Wrist Inside the Cow, You Can
    Open the Vulva Lips to Make Syringe Insertion
    Easier
  • Keeps the Syringe Clean From External
    Contamination

44
Step 34
  • When the Syringe Tip is on Target, Slowly Depress
    Plunger
  • Should Take 5 Seconds to Completely Empty
    Inseminating Straw
  • Be Sure to Push the Plunger Forward and Not Pull
    the Syringe Back Away From the Target

45
Step 35
  • After Semen is Deposited Slowly Withdraw the
    Syringe and Your Arm
  • Release the Sheath Containing the Straw From the
    Syringe
  • Hold it in Your Gloved Hand
  • Peel Glove Down over Them

46
Step 36
  • Be Sure to complete the Breeding Record
    Immediately After Insemination
  • Record Sire Identification and Collection Code if
    You Didnt Earlier
  • Can Be Read Through Used Glove, But May Be
    Difficult

47
Step 37
  • After Completing the Breeding Record, Break the
    Sheath Inside the Glove
  • Dispose of used Materials Immediately and
    Properly
  • Never Reuse Gloves or Sheaths

48
Step 38
  • Clean Reusable Equipment After Each Cow/Heifer
  • Syringe and Cito Cutter
  • Rinse With Water if Necessary
  • NEVER Use Disinfectants or Soaps
  • Wipe the Syringe With 70 Ethyl or Isopropyl
    Alcohol
  • Pay Special Attention to the O Ring and Upper
    Parts of Both Syringes

49
Step 39
  • Before Leaving Insemination Area, Always Discard
    Your Trash and Disinfect your Footwear and
    Bottom of Your Inseminating Kit with a
    Disinfectant
  • Will Help to Prevent/Eliminate Disease Transfer
    From Farm To Farm or to Your Own Cattle

50
Summary
  • Equipment Needed For Proper Insemination
    Includes
  • Insemination Kit Thawing Device
  • Cito Cutter/Straw Scissors Syringe
  • Sheaths Alcohol
  • Paper Towels Lubricant
  • Plastic, Shoulder-length Gloves Safety Glasses
  • Gloves Pail Brush
  • Liquid Nitrogen Refrigerator Disinfectant
  • Semen Straws

51
Summary
  • When Ready to Inseminate
  • Transfer a Single Straw From Refrigerator to Thaw
    Water Quickly
  • Water Temp Must be Between 94 - 98 Degrees
    Fahrenheit (35 - 37 Degrees Celsius)
  • Keep Straw in Water For at Least 30 Seconds, but
    No More Than 15 Minutes
  • Make Sure Syringe is Properly Warmed Before
    Inserting Semen Straw
  • Frequently Check Calibration of Thaw Water
    Thermometers

52
Question 1
  • Why is it important to check the insemination
    record first, before inseminating any cow?

To see if she had been inseminated before and
could be pregnant, or if her heat is on a normal
cycle.
53
Question 2
  • Why are frequent checks of the dial thermometer
    necessary?

The calibration can get out of adjustment,
resulting in a temperature too high or too low
for optimum semen recovery.
54
Question 3
  • Safety glasses and gloves should be worn each
    time you open a liquid nitrogen refrigerator.
    Why?

Glasses to protect from spitting nitrogen, or
straw exploding. Gloves to protect from nitrogen
burns.
55
Question 4
  • Will any thawing procedure (including pocket and
    air) work optimally for ABS straws?

No
56
Question 5
  • At what temperature must water be maintained for
    thawing ABS straws?

Optimum thawing is at a water temperature of 94
to 98 degrees Fahrenheit.
57
Question 6
  • How soon can you remove an ABS straw from the
    warm water thaw?

It takes 30 seconds for the semen to thaw
properly.
58
Question 7
  • What is the maximum length of time that an ABS
    straw should be left in the warm water thaw?

15 minutes
59
Question 8
  • When youre looking for a straw from a specific
    bull, how high can you safely raise the canister
    in the refrigerator?

Just high enough in the neck of the refrigerator
to be able to read the numbers on the top of the
ABS Semen racks.
60
Question 9
  • What is the time limit for holding a canister of
    semen in the refrigerators neck tube before
    possible damage will result?

10 seconds
61
Question 10
  • Why is it important to warm and inseminating
    syringe prior to loading it?

To eliminate cold shocking the sperm cells.
62
Question 11
  • Describe the sheath or sheaths that can be used
    with the two styles of syringes.

Split sheaths for use with Oring Syringes.
Unsplit sheaths for use with Spiral Syringes.
63
Question 12
  • Is the procedure the same for loading all types
    of sheaths and syringes?
  • Compare.

No
O Ring Syringe and sheath with no adapter Put
the straw in the syringe and pull the sheath into
place. If using a split sheath with a green
adapter you must seat the straw in the adapter
then insert the straw and pull the sheath in
place. With a spiral syringe the straw must be
seated in the white adapter and then inserted in
the syringe pulling the sheath down and screwing
it on.
64
Question 13
  • If the sheath youre using contains a plastic
    adapter, do you set the cut end of the straw in
    it first or do you load the straw in the syringe
    first?

You insert the cut end into the adapter first.
65
Question 14
  • When youre working with your own animals or
    those of others, why should you be concerned
    about disinfecting footwear and equipment?

Disinfecting all footwear and equipment is
important in reducing/eliminating the transfer of
diseases from cow to cow and farm to farm.
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