OSTEOPOROSIS

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OSTEOPOROSIS

• BY NANCY BAHR

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WHAT IS OSTEOPOROSIS?

• Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens and thins
  the bones making them more porous. This makes
  them more fragile and susceptible to breaks.
• Osteo means bone and porosis means thinning.
  So it is literally the thinning of the bones.
• Broken bones are fractures and usually occur in
  the hip, spine and wrist.

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CAUSES OF OSTEOPOROSIS

• After the age of 30, bone mineral density (BMD)
  is reduced. Bone dissolves and is absorbed
  faster than new bone is generated.
• Calcium and phosphate are two minerals that are
  essential for bone formation.
• Bone loss tends to increase in women after
  menopause. This is due to an estrogen deficiency
  that follows menopause and correlates with a
  rapid reduction in BMD. Therefore, women are
  four times more likely than men to develop
  osteoporosis.
• Men do suffer from this disease as well due to a
  lack of testosterone development as they age. It
  usually will occur in men around the age of 70.

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SYMPTOMS OF OSTEOPOROSIS

• Usually osteoporosis has no symptoms at first.
  It is often referred to as the silent disease
  because bone loss occurs with no symptoms.
• Most people are not aware that they have this
  until a fracture occurs after minor trauma
  bending, lifting, jumping or a minor fall.
• A fracture of the vertebrae can go unnoticed.
  Back pain will result and eventually the person
  will lose height.
• This results in the hunchback appearance of many
  elderly women. This is called dowagers hump
  or widows hump.

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TREATMENTS

• Treatment is focused on increasing bone density
  and controlling pain. Doctors will prescribe
  calcium and vitamin D 1200 to 1500mg per day.
  They will also recommend weight bearing exercise.
• FOR WOMEN
• Bisphonate drugs are prescribed for
  post-menopausal women Fosamax Actonel.
• These will prevent existing bone loss and reduce
  risk of spinal and hip fractures. They will
  also increase bone mass.
• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the
  estrogen supply, which helps in the building of
  new bone and will prevent additional bone loss.
• FOR MEN
• Men are prescribed Aldronate and Teriparatide.
  These drugs help in the prevention of bone loss
  due to a lack of testosterone production. Also
  diet and exercise are in important part of
  treatment for men and women.

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PREVENTION

• Establishing a healthy lifestyle at an early age
  is the key to preventing osteoporosis later in
  life.
• Good healthy diet
• Regular exercise
• Avoid smoking reduces bone mass
• Restrict caffeine
• Restrict alcohol reduces bone mass
• Adequate vitamin D and calcium through diet and
  supplements.

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QUESTIONS

• 1. Osteoporosis caused fractures usually occur
  in the SPINE, HIP and WRIST.
• 2. True or False Men are more likely than
  women to get osteoporosis? TRUE
• Taking what vitamins help reduce the risk of
  getting osteoporosis? VITAMIN D CALCIUM
• 4. The hunchback appearance of elderly women with
  osteoporosis is sometimes called widows __HUMP.