Computer Animation Algorithms and Techniques

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Computer AnimationAlgorithms and Techniques
Behavioral Animation The Individual
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Individual Autonomous Behavior
Autonomy Self-animated characters Internal
state psychology biology reasoning
abilities Perception reasoning about
environment
Behavior Manifestations of Individuality Body
Expressions and Gestures Facial
expressions Speech
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Modeling Personality
Source Psychology literature
Personality long term qualities Emotions
short term Mood third level Basic
emotions happy, sad, fear, disgust, surprise,
anger
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Reasoning
Biological urges hunger, survival, etc.
Rational objectives e.g., grab some fast food
Preferences e.g. doesnt like hamburgers
Suggested precedence classes of internal state
variables Imperatives Desires Suggestions
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Knowledge of world
Vision other sense FoV occlusions
Memory permanent v. transient events
Background knowledge e.g., physics AI - e.g.,
semantic networks
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Levels of Behavior
Hooks for the animator to impose control
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Personality Models
Biology/evolutionary approaches brain
anatomy biochemistry personality genetics
personality Psychoanalytic approach psychometric
s Freud, Adler, Jung Adaptation
Theory traits passive, aggressive,
withdrawn Need theory Freud experiential
learning Arousal Theory absorb discharge
energy
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Type Trait Theory
Type individuals slotted into a type e.g.
introvert v. extrovert, Type A v. Type B Trait
lie on gradation combination defines behavior in
situation e.g., aggressive, play,
order Internal states how perceptions dictate
emotional experience
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Trait Theory
OCEAN openness, conscientiousness, extroversion,
agreeableness, neuroticism PEN psychoticism,
extraversion, neuroticism OCC how perceptions
dictate emotional experience
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Laban Movement Analysis (LMA)
Tool for human motion description http//en.wikipe
dia.org/wiki/Laban_Movement_Analysis
Body - describes structural and physical
characteristics of the human body while moving.
Effort - the way a movement is done with respect
to inner intention.
Shape - the way the body changes shape during
movement.
Space - nvolves motion in connection with the
environment, and with spatial patterns, pathways,
and lines of spatial tension.
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Speech Synthesis
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Tools for Speech
Festival http//www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festiv
al/ Speech Synthesis System text to speech
MBROLA http//tcts.fpms.ac.be/synthesis/mbrola.ht
ml
ToBI http//www.ling.ohio-state.edu/tobi/
Tones and Break Indices
Praat http//www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/ Speech
analysis, synthesis, manipulation
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EMOTE
Norm Badler at U.Penn
Speech driven movement and gestures Torso
arms Laban Movement Analysis Effort Shape
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BEAT
Justine Cassell at M.I.T.
Input text marked up Generate non-verbal
behavior in sync with speech Facial expressions,
head body motions gestures http//www.cs.rutger
s.edu/village/ruth/
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ruth
Doug DeCalro at Rutgers
http//www.cs.rutgers.edu/village/ruth/
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Facial Expression
http//expression.sourceforge.net/
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Facial Expression
Ken Perlin http//mrl.nyu.edu/perlin/
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Dominant personality
AlphaWolf http//alumni.media.mit.edu/badger/alp
haWolf.html