High Energy rays

1
High Energy ?-rays

• Roger Blandford
• KIPAC
• Stanford

2
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
ir
o
uv
x
g
mm
r
smm
100TeV
mec2
mpc2
100neV
1GeV
High Energy ?-rays
3
Multi-Messenger Science
High Energy ?-rays
Electromagnetic
Cosmic Rays
Strong Scientific Synergy
Neutrinos
Dark Matter
Gravitational Radiation
10-32eV
1028eV
Cosmology
Hubble
Planck
4
Gamma Ray Astrophysics

• GeV observations from space
• Direct detection
• SAS-2 -gt CosB -gt EGRET -gt GLAST
• TeV observations from ground
• Atmospheric Cerenkov
• Whipple -gt HESS/MAGIC/VERITAS -gt
• Water Cerenkov
• Milagro -gt

5
GLAST

• Joint NASA-DOE-Italy- France-Japan-Sweden,
  Germany mission
• Launch May 16 2008
• Cape Canaveral
• Success of GLAST is top priority
• 50-100 x EGRET high energy extension
• Future program likely ground-based for a while

6
GLAST

• LAT
• 0.02 - 300 GeV
• 2.5 sr, 0.3 - 0.9m2
• 5o - 5resolution
• ?ln E 0.1
• 3 x 10-9 cm-2 s-1 (gt0.1 GeV, point source)
• 109 photons (3Hz)
• All sky every 3hr
• Sources after a decade?
• 10,000 Active Galactic Nuclei
• 1000 Gamma Ray Bursts
• 100 Pulsars
• 100 Supernova Remnants
• 10 Galaxies
• 10 Clusters of Galaxies
• 10 X-Ray Binaries
• ? Unidentified Sources

• GBM
• 0.01-30 MeV
• 9sr, 100 cm2.
• 1o resolution
• ?ln E 0.1
• Combine with Swift

7
Exploring the Terascale
MAGIC x 2
VERITAS (NSFDOESmithsonian)
H.E.S.S. (2)
1-10 TeV

• 10 ns flash
• 1o _at_ 10 km-gt104 m2
• Stereo imaging
• 0.1-100TeV
• 5o field of view
• 5 PSF per photon
• 100 sources

Milagro
8
Hadrons vs Leptons vs WIMPS(Pions vs Compton vs
Annihilation)
WIMPs?
Leptons?
Hadrons?
X-ray vs TeV Fermi acceleration at
shocks Magnetic field amplification Origin of
cosmic rays? Many puzzles remain GLAST will
interpolate
Relativistic jets created by massive black hole
in galactic nuclei Gamma ray emission at small
radii Inverse Compton radiation 2 min
variability EM -gt L -gt H ? UHECR?
If DM is cosmologically-generated, weakly
interacting particle, there may be detectable
annihilation from Galactic center and dwarf
galaxies. Constraints will be combined with
results from LHC and underground direct
searches. Must understand diffuse background!
9
Cosmic Accelerators

• Stochastic acceleration

• Unipolar induction

UHECR?
?
Neutron stars Black holes V TeV - ZeV I 10
GA - 10 EA
Shocks transmit power law distribution f(p)
p-3r/(r-1) Also second order processes
V ??? I V / Z0 P V I
10
Gamma Ray Bursts

• SN energy in seconds
• Birth cry of stellar black hole?
• Special supernovae
• Binary NS merger??
• LIGO!
• NS magnetosphere flare (1015G)
• Environmental impact
• Ultrarelativistic outflow
• AGN on speed
• ????opacity used to understanding sources
• Across the universe
• Cosmological probes

Expect Unscripted Discoveries
11
Future TeV Options
AGIS/CTA

• 0.04 - 200 TeV
• 50 telescopes
• Large FOV
• 1 PSF per photon
• 10 x VERITAS sensitivity
• 100M class
• Exploring cheaper detectors

10-100 x sources DM, LI studies Unexpected

• 1-100 TeV
• 15 x Milagro
• Improved rejection
• Wide field
• Large duty cycle
• 10M class

Technology and scientific trade studies
underway-gt decadal survey
HESS/VERITAS Simulation
AGIS/CTA Simulation
12
Cultural Observations

• Particle physicists, astrophysicists
  collaborating very well.
• Organized more like HEP
• Interagency collaboration debugged
• Common detector technology
• GLAST Si tracking technology
• AGIS/CTA photodetectors, fast electronics,
  triggers, computing
• Proven signals
• cf DM, GW, VHE???axion searches
• Excellent, hands on training for students and
  postdocs
• Fabrication and data analysis

13
Gamma-ray Physics
DoE/HEP Mission
High Energy ?-rays

• discover the nature of cosmic accelerators and
  monitor galaxy growth and development
• seek annihilation signature of supersymmetry
  particles in combination with LHC, underground
• check validity of Lorentz invariance over cosmic
  distances
• attract and train students who will be needed to
  work on future detectors and their data

• understand how our universe works at its most
  fundamental level
• discovering the most elementary constituents of
  matter and energy
• exploring the basic nature of space and time
  itself
• development of key technologies and trained
  manpower

14
Summary

• Golden age of Cosmic HE ?-rays
• Support GLAST, VERITAS as they solve classic
  astrophysical problems and explore fundamental
  physics
• Next phase will be just as exciting and is
  (relatively) inexpensive and quick
• Invest in the future now