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Title: Festival des Sciences


1
Phnom Penh
October 15, 2005
Agence Universitaire pour la Francophonie
Programme de Coopération Scientifique
International Coopération Mathématique
Interuniversitaire Cambodge - France
Michel Waldschmidt
http//www.math.jussieu.fr
/miw/
2
Cooperation between
  • Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
    Responsable du projet Michel WALDSCHMIDT
  • Institut de Technologie du Cambodge (ITC)
    co-responsable scientifique Roath CHAN
  • Institut de Mathématiques de lAcadémie des
    Sciences du Vietnam de Hanoï
    co-responsable scientifique Khoai HA-HUY
  • Centre International de Mathématiques Pures et
    Appliquées (CIMPA) de Nice
    co-responsable
    scientifique Michel JAMBU
  • Université de la Méditerranée Aix-Marseille II
    co-responsable scientifique Pierre ARNOUX
  • Université de Sfax (Tunisie)
    co-responsable
    scientifique Mohammed MKAOUAR

3
Other supports
  • UNESCO (PISF)
    Programme International de
    Sciences Fondamentales (2006-)
  • Abdu Salam Center (ICTP)
    International Center for
    Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
  • IMU
    International
    Mathematical Union

4
Three courses already given
  • Michel JAMBU (CIMPA)
    january/february 2005
    Geometry
  • Pierre ARNOUX (Marseille)
    march/april 2005
    Discrete Mathematics
  • Michel WALDSCHMIDT (Paris VI) september/october
    2005 Algebra

5
Next courses to be given
  • Jean BERTOIN (Paris VI) november
    14/december 6, 2005
    Probability
  • Michel JAMBU (CIMPA) january
    2006
    Geometry II
  • Robert EYMARD (Marne la Vallée )
    january/february 2006
    Numerical Analysis
  • Marc LAVIELLE (Paris V)
    march 2006
    Statistics

6
Further projects of courses
  • Randal DOUC (Polytechnique, Paris)
    may 2006
    Probability and Statistics
  • Mohammed MKAOUAR (Sfax) june
    2006
    Arithmetic and number theory

7
Later
  • Michel WALDSCHMIDT (Paris VI) fall 2006
    Algebra
  • Pierre ARNOUX (Marseille) fall 2006
    Discrete
    Mathematics

8
CIMPA
ICPAM
Centre International de Mathématiques Pures et
Appliquées International Center of Pure and
Applied Mathematics http//www.cimpa-icpam.org
9
CIMPA
CIMPA is a non-profit international
organization established in Nice (France) in
1978. Its aim is to promote international
cooperation to the benefit of developing
countries, with respect to higher education and
research in mathematics and related subjects,
in particular Computer Science.
The missions of CIMPA, as listed in the framework
agreement between UNESCO and the French Ministry
of Research, are as follows
10
  • to hold international workshops relevant to the
  • needs of the developing countries of the region
  • concerned and in partnership with institutions
    with
  • similar purposes
  • to provide access to the existing scientific
  • documentation in whatever form and to increase
    the
  • use of new information technologies
  • to foster regional networking with a view to
    increase
  • dialogue and interaction with mathematicians in
  • industrialised countries
  • to assist in the creation of graduate and
    post-graduate
  • training courses, as well as basis training, for
    future
  • researchers or teachers in mathematics and
    engineers.

11
  • A CIMPA school is usually a presentation or an
    introduction to the recent researches in a field
    of mathematics (Pure and Applied Mathematics as
    well as related subjects such as computer
    sciences and theoretical physics) organized on
    French PhD programme basis. Schools are intended
    to higher education and research teaching staff.
    Beginners as well as confirmed scientists who
    wish to improve or to become initiated to a new
    field of research can attend the lectures.
    Usually a CIMPA school lasts two or three weeks
    (60 or 90 hours).
  • In accordance with CIMPA mission, schools are
    mainly intended for mathematicians, higher
    teaching staff, researchers or engineers working
    in developing countries. Such schools and
    sessions aim at diffusing scientific knowledge
    and facilitating scientific contacts between
    participants and lecturers.

12
Organization of CIMPA
  • Director Michel Jambu

Administrative board
  • President Mario Wschebor
  • Vice President Michel Waldschmidt
  • Secretary Laurent Guillopé
  • Treasurer Bernard Rousselet

Scientific council
  • President of the Scientific Council Jürgen Jost

13
Budget of CIMPA
  • 250 000 /year
  • not including salaries
  • Including salaries 600 000
  • UNESCO
  • French Ministry of Research
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  • Region, Nice University

14
CIMPA since 1978,
124 schools and 55 Seminars, workshops
in the field of Pure and Applied Mathematics
and Computer Science
  • In 41 south countries including
  • 15 in Africa
  • 5 in South East Asia and India
  • 10 in Latine America and Caraïbean
  • 6 in Middle East
  • 3 in East Europa
  • 6 451 trainees, 700 lecturers (110 from south
    countries

15
UNESCO
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and
    Cultural Organization

16
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17
Although CIMPA is mainly supported by the French
Ministry of Research, CIMPA conducts its
scientific activities with a complete
independence and does not represent the French
scientific policy. CIMPA is an international
institution, with an international scientific
committee.
18
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19
Phnom Penh, October 15, 2005
Tous les détails se trouvent sur le site du
CIMPA All information are available on the
ICPAM web site (http//www.cimpa-icpam.org)
Michel Waldschmidt
http//www.math.jussieu.fr
/miw/
20
The role of mathematics in the real life,
in the development
and
in developing countries
21
An example where mathematical modelisation is
useful
  • International Conference at
    St Louis du Senegal
  •  Mathematics and applications to the problems
    of development in Sahel 
  • Supported by CIMPA
  • december 15-20, 2003

22
  • The river Senegal

23
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24
Opening barbarie tongue river Senegal, St Louis
25
Applications of researches in physics
  • Computers (microprocessors, optic lecteurs)
  • Telephones (transmission between fixed dialers,
    optic cables)
  • Television (emission and reception of waves)
  • New materials
  • Study of the sand and its properties.

26
Applications of researches in mathematics
  • Credit cards (cryptography)
  • Internet (data compression)
  • Medecine (reconstruction of images, scanner,
    medical images)
  • Building (simulation of the deformation of
    bridges and sky-scrappers related to winds and
    earth quakes)

27
Mathematics as a tool
  • Nuclear Physics
  • Synthesis of chemical molecules
  • Automatic recognition of forms, data processing,
    error correcting codes (telecommunications)
  • Conception of mobile robots (work in hostile
    surrounding)
  • Automatic driving systems (landing under any
    weather condition)
  • Oil extraction Computer Commutative Algebra
    (Gröbner bases, Zanjan, Iran - CIMPA School)

28
  • Lexplosion
  • des
  • Mathématiques

29
Joseph Fourier
Gustav Jacobi
  •  Mr Fourier thought that the main aim of
    mathematics was public utility and explanation of
    natural phenomenons. 
  •   A philosopher like him should have known
    that the unic goal of Science is the honor of
    human spirit, and therefore a question of number
    has the same value as a question of the world
    system.  
  • Carl Gustav Jacobi

30
Henri Poincaré
  •  Mathematics deserve to be studied for
    themselves, the theory which can be applied to
    physics should be developed as well as others.

31
 Mathematics have always progressed under a
double stimulation, one from inside coming from
studying the problems arising from mathematics
itself, the other coming from outside arising
from other sciences, from engineering, services
and from the society in general.   Jean Pierre
Bourguignon, director of IHÉS (Institut des
Hautes Études Scientifiques, France)
32
Mathematics as a cultural
component
  • Mathematics are a universal language, it provides
    a structure to thinking, enables to treat the
    problems in a scientific, rational way.
  • It is a necessary step to access basic culture.
  • Helps to create an intellectual elite
  • Historical development of mathematics
  •  Free (not finalized) research
  • Regional centers of excellence

33
Hidden face of mathematics
  • If we consider either art or mathematics, we are
    in the world of ideas and imagination
  • Roger Rotmann, Director of National Center
    for Contemporary Art Georges Pompidou, 18/03/2004

34
Usefulness of cooperation
  • (Re)constitution of an intellectual elite in
    developing countries
  • To create a network of academic people of high
    level who are indispensable for economic
    development (able to collaborate with
    industrials)
  • Avoid brain drain (sandwich theses - cotutelle)
  • Reciprocal benefit of exchanges
  • Francophony

35
To enable countries from south to acquire the
necessary expertise for their development
  • Teaching preparation to the formation of
    technicians, engineers, scientifics - education
    is a preliminary basis for development
  • Technology
  • Computer science
  • Banks, insurances (actuariat),
  • (jobs in mathematics and in physics)

36
  • Reduction of communication costs increases the
    agglomeration of richness rather that its
    dispersion.
  • A consequence of polarisation is a concentration
    of expertise in the centers to the detriment of
    periphery.
  • Poor countries should find means for their
    prosperity which do not come from rich countries.

37
To develop networks in southern countries
  • Unión Matemática
    de
  • America Latina y
    el Caribe
  • Southeast Asian
  • Mathematical
    Society
  • African
    Mathematical Union

38
French Cooperation
  • MAE
  • (Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
  • Budget of Foreign Affairs in 2000
    9 billions French Francs (1.5 billion Euros)
  • (Ministry of Economy and Finances
    8,3 billions French Francs)

39
A general institut for cooperation
  • IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement)
  • French Institute of scientific research for
    the development in cooperation
  • ex ORSTOM (Office de recherche scientifique
    et technique outre -mer)
  • Budget 180 millions
    (1 600 positions, including 1
    200 researchers or engeeniers).

40
A specialized institute
  • CIRAD (Centre de coopération internationale en
    recherche agronomique pour le développement)
  • Budget 78 millions
    (1 800 people, including 900 staffs).

41
Other french institutions which take part to the
cooperation
  • (Institut National de
    Recherche
  • en Informatique et en
    Automatique)
  • (Institut National de
    Recherche
  • Agronomique)
  • (Centre National de la
  • Recherche Scientifique)

42
COPED Comité pour
les pays en développement
  • Committee for developing countries (French
    Academy of Sciences)
  • Aim to promote initiatives which will help
    french scientific research in connection with
    developing countries
  • January 2002 workshop with CIMPA, SMF and SMAI
    (the two french mathematical societies) on the
    subject
  • Mathematics and developing countries.

43
Learned Societies
  • SMF (Société Mathématique de France French
    Mathematical Society)
  • SMAI (Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et
    Industrielles Applied and Industrial
    Mathematical Society )
  • SFP (Société Française de Physique French
    Physical Society)

44
UNESCO
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and
    Cultural Organization

45
ICTP
  • International Center for Theoretical Physics
    (1964) under IAEA (International Atomic
    Energy Agency)
  • Abdu Salam Centre, Trieste
  • 17 Millions
    (85 from
    italian gouvernment)
  •  Associate members  from south countries

46
ISP
  • International Science Program,
  • University Uppsala (Sweeden)
  • Faculty of Science and Technology
  • Born in 1961
  • 3,8 Millions
    / an
  • Physic,
    Chemistry, then Maths.

47
ISP International Science Program
  • Constitution of networks North/South and
    South/South,
  • Visits in developed countries of scientifics
    from developing countries
  • Africa Cameroun, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya,
    Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambie,
    Zimbabwe
  • Asia Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thaïland
  • Latin America Colombia, Equador, Perou

48
ICMS Edimburg
  • International Center of Mathematical Sciences
    (1990)
  • The main aims of the ICMS are
  • To create an environment in which mathematical
    sciences will develop in new directions.
  • To encourage and exploit those areas of
    mathematics that are of relevance to other
    sciences, industry and commerce (trade).
  • To promote international collaboration within
    these aims and in particular with mathematicians
    in the developing world.

49
  • EMS CDC
  • European Mathematical
    Society
  • Committee for developing
    countries
  • IMU CDE
  • International Mathematical
    Union
  • Commission on Development
    and Exchanges

50
  • Physics in Developing Countries

51
UNO United Nation Organization
  • FAO Food and Agriculture
  • Organization of the United Nations
  • helping to build a world without hunger
  • HWO Health World Organization
  • The United Nations
  • Children's Fund

52
The World Bank is an institution for development
Whose aim is to reduce poverty by increasing
growth
International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD)
53
AMMSI
  • The African Mathematics Millennium Science
    Initiative
  • The Challenge of Strengthening Mathematics in
    Africa

54
Budget 1,8 million US/year
55
Mathematicians in the world
  • World Directory of Mathematicians 2002
    (International Mathematical Union)
  • 57 000 mathematicians in 71 countries (53
    900 in 1998)
  • CNFM (Comité National Français des
    Mathématiciens)
  • 3 000 mathematicians in France (2
    855 in 1998)

56
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57
ASIA
58
Mathematicians in Asia
Source World Directory of Mathematicians
59
Wuhan
Hyderabad
Mumbai
Chennai
60
Mathematics in China
  • Cultural revolution
  • International Congress of Mathematics in 2002
    (Beijing) - science and technology
  • Academia Sinica
  • Peking University (Beida), Tsinghua

61
Cooperation between France and China about
mathematics
  • Wuhan Centre Sino-Français de Mathématiques,
    1980-90
  • Shanghai Institut Sino-Français de Mathématiques
    Appliquées.
  • Peking University (Beida), Tsinghua

62
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63
Mathématics in India
  • Institute
    of

  • Mathematical Sciences
  • (IMSc
    Chennai)
  • Harish Chandra Research
    Institute (Allahabad)

64
  • Indo French Centre for the promotion of advanced
    research
  • A program of scientific cooperation between
    France and India, supported by the Indian
    Department of Science and Technology and the
    French Ministry of Foreign Affaires(Foreign
    Office)

65
Indo-french Cooperation in mathematics
  • Fr. Racine (Tiruchirappalli, Madras)
  • Tata Institute (Laurent Schwartz, )
  • Cyber University Bangalore/Toulouse
  • IFIM Institut Franco-Indien de Mathématiques
    Indo French Institute of Mathematics.

66
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67
Mathematicians in Middle East
Source World Directory of Mathematicians
68
Basic Sciences in Iran

69
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70
AFRICA
71
Mathematicians in Africa
Source World Directory of Mathematicians
72
Some centers of research in Africa
  • CARIM Centre Africain de Recherche en
    Informatique et en Mathématiques African
    Research Center in Computer Science and
    Mathematics (Cameroun)
  • IMSP Institut de Mathématiques et de Sciences
    Physique (Porto Novo)
  • National Center for Mathematical Sciences
    (Accra, Ghana)
  • National Mathematical Center (Abuja, Nigeria)
  • Senegal
  • Benin

73
Two networks
  • CARI (Colloque Africain de Recherche en
    Informatique African meeting for research in
    computer science)
  • Coordinator INRIA
  • GIRAGA (Groupe Africain de Recherche en Algèbre
    Géométrie et Applications African Research
    Group in Algebra, Geometry and Applications)
  • Supports CIMPA, ICTP, UNESCO

74
Other networks
  • EDP PDE (Partial Differential Equations)
    Contrôle-Modélisation (Saint Louis du Sénégal,
    Ouagadougou, Nouakchott)
    1999 - 3 seminars of 2 weeks every year
  • RAGAAD Réseau Africain de Géométrie et Algèbre
    Appliquées au Développement African Network in
    Geometry and Algebra applied to the development
    (Niger, Sénégal, Burkina-Faso, Mali)
  • RAMAD Réseau Africain de Mathématiques Appliquées
    au Développement African Network in Mathematics
    Applied to the development (Yaounde Congo,
    Centrafrica, Tchad)

75
  • CAMES
  • Comité Africain et Malgache pour lEnseignement
    Supérieur
  • (African and Malgache Committee for
  • Higher Education)
  • Bénin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroun,
    Centrafrique, Congo, Côte dIvoire, Gabon,
    Guinée, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, Sénégal,
    Tchad, Togo.

76
Mathematic Research in the french langage part of
Africa
  • Claude Lobry
  • Mathematical
    Research
  • in Africa
  • Is it necessary
    for the
  • development?
  • LHarmattan
    (ed.), 2003

77
SARIMA
  • Soutien aux Activités de Recherche Informatique
    et Mathématique en Afrique Support to the
    Activities of Research in Computer Science and
    Mathematics in Africa
  • Improve the potential of research of academic
    research teams in the the region with priority
    solidarity (ZSP Zone de Solidarité Prioritaire)
    in Africa and in the Mediterranean Region in
    fields of mathematics, science and Information
    Technology.
  • FSP (Fonds de Solidarité Prioritaire)
    Interministériel - MAE
  • 400 000 per year for 4 years.
  • Institutions INRIA, CIMPA
  • Approved in 2002, starts in 2005

78
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79
Latin America
80
Mathematicians enLatin America
Source World Directory of Mathematicians
81
Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e
Aplicada (Rio, Brésil)
82
Mathematics Modelization Center in Santiago du
Chili
  • Franco-Chile
    laboratory,
    Centre de modélisation mathématique april
    2000
  • unité mixte de recherche CNRS

83
Other research centers in Latin America
  • IMCA
    Instituto de Matemática y Ciencias Afine (Lima,
    Pérou)
  • IVIC Instituto Venezolano de
  • Investigaciones Cientificas
    (Caracas, Vénezuela)
  • UNAM Universidad National
  • Autonoma de Mexico (Mexique)

84
Main points
  • Fundamental Research is an essential component of
    Sustainable Development
  • Basic science is international, without borders,
    all countries are entitled to participate.

85
Conclusions
  • There is a place for a strong cooperation based
    on academic structures. A large number of
    contacts between french scientists and scientists
    from developing countries already exist, for
    instance thanks to the scientists who have
    studied in France.
  • The funds which should be necessary are
    comparatively not high, but so far they are not
    sufficient.
  • It is part of the mission of scientists,
    professors and researchers to participate, and
    this should be considered as part of their job,
    not only on a voluntary basis.

86
Conclusions
  • All the efforts which have been devoted in the
    past by the french scientific and cultural
    cooperation has given good results.
  • The existing potential will soon disapear if the
    scientific research is not properly organized.
  • Basic sciences need to be supported in developing
    countries.
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