MHS 5340 Foundations of Career Development

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MHS 5340Foundations of Career Development
Evolution of Work, Mental Health, Family,
Education, and Leisure

• James P. Sampson, Jr.
• Florida State University

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Why work?

• Economic
• Social
• Psychological

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Past, Present, Future Trends

• Hunter-gatherer model
• Men hunted, women gathered
• Agrarian / Agricultural model
• Tools needed to work farms
• Trade became popular
• Class development
• Landowners vs. laborers

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Past, Present, Future Trends

• Class development
• Middle class composed of merchants and very
  skilled craftsmen
• Professions develop
• Clergy
• Medicine
• Law

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Past, Present, Future Trends

• Children
• Eldest son enters fathers occupation
• Other sons enter varied occupations
• Daughters become wives and care for children as
  well as work in the home and often work in the
  family business

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Past, Present, Future Trends

• Industrial Revolution
• Movement of workers from farms to cities
• Self-employment to working for others
• Difficulty with career development in new trades
• Families less helpful in guiding children
• Family influence strong in deterministic society

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Past, Present, Future Trends

• Immigrants
• New groups wanted to reinvent themselves in
  America
• Commonality of achievement motivation
• Needed education
• Ability to read write supports vibrant middle
  class
• Still needed vocational guidance

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Past, Present, Future Trends

• Frank Parsons (1908)
• Leader in social reform movement
• Innovative practitioner and theorist
• Three-part model of decision making
• Self knowledge
• Occupational knowledge
• True reasoning

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Past, Present, Future Trends

• W W I
• Tests developed for selection of soldiers and
  officers
• Aptitude tests created

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Past, Present, Future Trends

• School guidance and work
• Education and economic achievement at work allows
  upward mobility in social class
• unprecedented social development
• Guidance programs
• Vocational education
• College selection

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Past, Present, Future Trends

• W W II
• Women moved into work force vacated by men
• Women didnt want to stop working after war
  valued independence
• Rise of womens movement
• Soldiers needed counseling for shell shock (now
  PTSD)

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Past, Present, Future Trends

• W W II
• Soldiers needed career counseling for college
  major choice for post-military careers
• Sputnik (1957)
• Russians launch 1st satellite
• Americans surprised and embarrassed
• Counselors encouraged to guide students into
  math and engineering careers

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Past, Present, Future Trends

• Alternative ways to work
• Permanent full-time
• Part-time
• Flextime
• Overtime
• Shift work
• Multiple jobs

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Past, Present, Future Trends

• Alternative ways to work
• Job sharing
• Telecommuting
• Independent contractor, Self-employment,
  Freelancer or Consultant
• Contingent workforce
• Outsourcing, temporary services, on-call workers,
  interns, co-ops

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Past, Present, Future Trends

• Career Education integrates the school, community
  and employers
• Human Resource Development emerges among private,
  not-for-profit, and public sector employers
• School-to-Work movement emerges from the career
  education movement
• One-Stop Centers integrate public employment,
  training, and social services in one location

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? Problems of Unemployment

• Admundson Borgen
• Job loss and grieving process
• denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and
  acceptance
• Job search / burnout
• enthusiasm, stagnation, frustration, apathy, and
  further depression

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Work Adjustment Counseling

• Work Adjustment Counseling integrates mental
  health counseling and career counseling
• Problems working with fellow employees
• Problems relating to supervisors
• Problems in job performance not related to skills
• Chronic unemployment

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Employee Assistance Programs

• Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) initiated to
  cope with substance abuse on the job
• Absenteeism
• Poor/unsafe performance
• EAPs now handle any ? problem that interferes
  with work

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Employee Assistance Programs

• EAP issues
• Health problems
• Family
• Work addiction
• Anxiety
• Depression

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Employee Assistance Programs

• Service delivery
• In-house (company EAP)
• Referral (contract out to EAP firm)
• Less expensive to provide EAP service than to
  hire and train a new worker

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Systems Approach to Career

• A system of interrelated factors affect Career
  Development
• Three levels
• I. World events (war, economics)
• II. Culture
• III. Elements of work, family, education /
  training, and leisure

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Systems Approach

• World and economic events may affect work,
  family, education, and leisure
• Interventions in one life role affect other life
  roles
• Be aware of clients culture when considering
  his/her system of work, family, education, leisure

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Leisure

• Hard work highly valued
• This century has seen increase in leisure time
• Better leisure better work
• People dont always make good leisure choices

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Types of Leisure

• Blocker Siegal
• Complementary
• Supplementary
• Compensatory
• Supplementary and Compensatory can be the same
  activity

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? Contributions of Leisure

• Challenge
• Support
• Structure
• Feedback
• Application
• Integration

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Homework Assignment 2

• What are your leisure activities?
• What types of leisure are they?
• complementary, supplemental, compensatory
• What ? contribution does your leisure give you?

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For Additional Information

• www.career.fsu.edu/techcenter/

Thank You
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