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Propane Driver Training

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Delivered to fueling stations by over-the-road trucks like gasoline and diesel ... Diesel. C3H8. Propane. Developed for DOE by AFV Institute. 15. HD5 Motor Fuel ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Propane Driver Training


1
Propane as a Vehicle Fuel
2
Drivers Need to Know
  • Introduction to propane
  • Properties and characteristics of propane
  • Safe vehicle fueling procedures
  • Vehicle fueling emergency procedures
  • Fueling station safety systems
  • Emergency notification procedures
  • Emergency evacuation procedures

3
Module 1
Introduction to Propane
4
Module 1Learning Objectives
  • Why use propane as a vehicle fuel
  • Understand where propane comes from
  • How propane is delivered to a fueling station
  • Environmental benefits

5
Why Propane?
  • Domestically produced from natural gas processing
    and petroleum refining
  • Very large base of deployed vehicles in U.S.

6
Why Propane? - 2
  • Most readily available alternative fuel
  • Delivered to fueling stations by over-the-road
    trucks like gasoline and diesel
  • Propane is non-toxic
  • Has environmental benefits

7
Propane is Highly Available Nationwide
source PVC
8
Propane Emissions Compared to Gasoline
source PVC
9
Why Propane? - 5
  • Does not contaminate ground water or soil
  • Is an EPAct alternative fuel

10
Propane Performance
  • Fuel economy
  • Up to 85 of gasolines MPGs
  • Range
  • Approximately 80-90 of gasoline vehicle, gallon
    per gallon
  • Equal to gasoline on GGE basis
  • Fueling time
  • Similar to gasoline

11
Module 2
Properties and Characteristics of Propane
12
Module 2Learning Objectives
  • Understand propane and how it compares to other
    fuels
  • Become familiar with the characteristics of
    propane
  • Understand potential health and safety hazards

13
Physical Properties
  • Propane not a naturally occurring petrochemical
  • Propane is a byproduct of both natural gas
    processing and petroleum refining.
  • Chemical composition
  • Mixtures of propane, propylene, N- and I-butane,
    and ethane

14
Compared to Other Fuels
15
HD5 Motor Fuel
  • Minimum 90 propane
  • Ensures adequate fuel to engine
  • Maximum 5 propylene
  • Propylene reduces octane number
  • In the U.S., almost all LPG meets HD-5 motor fuel
    standards, even the LPG used for home heating and
    recreational uses.

source Ford Motor Company
16
Specific Gravity
  • Liquid at 60 F 0.504 (Water 1)
  • Propane liquid is lighter than water
  • Gas at 60 F 1.50 (Air 1)
  • Propane vapor is heavier than air

17
Appearance Smell
  • Colorless
  • Odorless odorized for safety
  • Although propane has no natural odor, an odorant
    is added to aid in the detection of leaks.
  • The most commonly used odorant is ethyl mercaptan

18
Physical State
  • Fuel value, compared to gasoline
  • Octane 104-112
  • 1.35 gallons of propane 1 GGE (gasoline gallon
    equivalent)
  • Propane 91,500 Btu gross energy per gallon
  • Gasoline 117,500 Btu next energy per gallon

19
Flammability
  • Burns with a pale, faintly luminous blue flame at
    865o F
  • Natural gas 1100o F
  • Gasoline 630o F
  • Fuel-to-air ratio is 2.1 (LFL) to 9.6 (UFL)
  • Natural gas 4 to 16
  • Gasoline 1.3 to 7.6

20
Fire Extinguishing
  • Fire extinguisher(s) located at or near the
    dispenser
  • If the flame is extinguished without stopping
    fuel flow, it may re-ignite
  • Use a fire extinguisher only if trained to do so
    by qualified person

21
Health Safety Hazards
  • Non toxic
  • Simple asphyxiant
  • Inhalation is primary route of exposure
  • Overexposure symptoms shortness of breath,
    unconsciousness
  • CPR is recommended to overcome overexposure

22
Module 3
Propane Fueling Stations and Safety Practices
23
Module 3Learning Objectives
  • Become familiar with various components of a
    propane fueling station
  • Become familiar with safety practices
  • Understand purpose and function of emergency
    shutdown equipment

24
Fueling Station Components
  • On-site propane storage tanks
  • Pump
  • Dispenser
  • Card reader
  • Emergency shutdown system
  • Fire Extinguisher

source CleanFUEL USA
25
Fueling Station
Compressor/Pump
Dispenser
ESD Button
ESD Button
Tank
Vapor Return
Liquid
Air Line
source Gogas Pty Ltd
26
Example Fueling Station Configurations
Horizontal tank
Vertical tank
source CleanFUEL USA
27
Module 4
Emergency Action Plan
28
Module 4Learning Objectives
  • Know purpose and content of Emergency Action Plan
  • Become familiar with emergency equipment
  • Understand emergency actions

29
Purpose of Emergency Action Plan
  • Identification of emergencies
  • Action items
  • Notification procedures
  • Evacuation procedures
  • Safety systems
  • Emergency event action items

30
Facility Layout
  • Propane storage tanks
  • Pump
  • Dispenser(s)
  • Emergency shutdown devices (ESDs)
  • Fire extinguishers

source CleanFUEL USA
31
Facility Layout - 2
  • Pre-planned evacuation route
  • Designated assembly area(s)
  • Street address of facility

32
Safety Practices
  • Emergency telephone numbers
  • Fire department
  • Emergency medical help
  • Police
  • Maintenance
  • Adjoining facilities
  • Safety Signs

33
Safety Practices - 2
  • Equipment inspection
  • Defective equipment
  • Dispenser hoses
  • Fueling nozzle and receptacle
  • Report unsafe conditions to maintenance
    technician or station attendant

34
Safety Practices 5
  • Cell phones and static discharge danger
  • Propane/air mixture is flammable like gasoline
    vapors
  • Propane fueling system is sealed so there is no
    air in the fuel system at the station or on the
    vehicle
  • Nevertheless, it is advisable to turn off/do not
    use cell phone during vehicle fueling
  • Do not re-enter vehicle during fueling

35
Fire Safety Rules
  • Keep ignition sources away from propane
  • Do not light matches or smoke
  • Do not use cell phones while fueling vehicle

36
Gas Release at Dispenser
  • Close nozzle valve
  • Disconnect fueling nozzle from vehicle and
    re-attach to mounting bracket
  • Report situation to facility maintenance and/or
    station attendant

37
Fire Involving Propane
  • Evacuate immediate area of fire
  • Press emergency shutdown device (ESD) button
  • Prevent others people from entering the danger
    zone
  • Do not attempt to extinguish propane fire without
    proper training

38
Fire During Vehicle Fueling
  • Do not attempt to disconnect nozzle from vehicle
  • Direct others to evacuate immediate areas
  • Press ESD button
  • Call the fire department

39
Combustible Debris Fire
  • Press ESD button
  • Extinguish only if properly trained and it is
    safe to do so
  • If the fire is near fueling or storage equipment,
    extinguishing should be attempted only by
    qualified fire fighters

40
Module 5
Correct Use of Safety Equipment
41
Module 5Learning Objectives
  • Understand how to correctly operate safety
    equipment
  • Emergency shutdown device
  • Fire extinguisher

42
Correct Use of Safety Equipment
  • Emergency Shutdown Device
  • Located on or adjacent to fueling island
  • Activation will stop propane flow from storage
    tank to dispenser

43
Correct Use of Safety Equipment - 3
  • Fire Extinguisher(s)
  • Located on or adjacent to fueling island
  • Used to eliminate air (oxygen) from fire
  • Driver must be properly trained to fight
    (extinguish) a propane fire

44
Module 6
Propane Vehicle Technology and Safety Features
45
Module 6Learning Objectives
  • Understand how propane vehicles (PVs) work
  • Understand how PVs differ from gasoline and NGVs
  • Become knowledgeable about the two types of
    on-board fuel storage cylinders

46
Propane Fuel System
  • Vaporizer Converts liquid propane to gas using
    engine coolant as heat source
  • Regulator Provides fuel pressure regulation to
    the mixer
  • Fuel injection System Most modern vehicle
    applications are using fuel injection

47
Propane Vehicles vs. Gasoline and NGVs
  • Propane vehicles have sealed fuel systems
  • No air or oxygen in fuel system
  • Vehicle fuel is stored on-board as a liquid and
    is vaporized to burn in the engine
  • Vapor heaver than air (like gasoline)
  • Vehicle fuel requires over 860o F to ignite
  • Temperature relatively high, between gasoline and
    natural gas

48
On-Board Fuel Storage Cylinder 1
  • DOT Cylinder types
  • One, two or three pieces
  • ASME pressure vessel (rated at 312.5 psi, tested
    to 4X)

49
On-Board Fuel Storage Cylinder - 2
  • 80 of tank capacity is filled to allow for heat
    expansion (safety device)
  • Propane stored at 130-170 psi
  • Propane tanks are 20 times more puncture
    resistant than gasoline tank

50
Module 7
How to Fuel a Propane Vehicle
51
Module 7Learning Objectives
  • Become familiar with fueling instructions
  • Understand fueling nozzle/receptacle operation

source Tatsuno
52
Fueling InstructionsUsing Gas Guard
  • Remove cap from vehicle receptacle
  • Remove the nozzle from the dispenser holder
  • Position the nozzle over lugs on vehicle fill
    receptacle
  • Turn front of nozzle 1/3 turn clockwise

53
Fueling Instructions - 2
  • Squeeze the nozzle trigger and push down the
    catch to retain the trigger (this will secure the
    nozzle to the fill receptacle and open the fill
    valve)
  • Press and hold in the delivery button on the
    dispenser, this will start the filling process
  • Release the button to stop the flow
  • To fill the vehicle fuel tank, hold the button in
    until the dispenser meter stops increasing

54
Fueling Instructions - 3
  • The vehicle tank cannot be over filled
  • Squeeze the nozzle trigger, then release. A small
    amount of propane gas will come from the coupling
  • Support the nozzle, turn the front of the nozzle
    counter-clockwise, withdraw the nozzle and
    replace it in the holder on the dispenser
  • Replace the cap on the vehicle fill receptacle

55
Fueling
  • Nozzle operation
  • Receptacle characteristics

source LGE
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