Oil and Gas Industry Presentation

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Oil and Gas Industry Presentation

• Activities, GHG Emission Sources, and Potential
  Reductions
• January 14, 2009

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Upstream
Midstream
Downstream
Drilling, Workovers, and Completions
Gathering Systems
Refineries
Production Operations
Processing Plants
Transportation
Construction
Treatment Plants
Terminals
Maintenance
Final Well Abandonment
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Pad Construction and Interim Reclamation

• Construct pad to fit rig activity and fulfill
  permit conditions
• Perform Interim reclamation upon conclusion of
  rig and completion activity

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Pad Construction and Interim Reclamation

• Construct pad to fit rig activity and fulfill
  permit conditions
• Perform Interim reclamation upon conclusion of
  rig and completion activity

POTENTIAL GHG EMISSIONS Combustion of Diesel Fuel
from earthmoving equipment Transportation of
Equipment to Wellsite
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Drilling, Workovers, and Recompletions

• New well drilling
• Tubing repairs
• Restimulation
• Downhole pump failure
• Complete well to a new formation
• Scale in tubing

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Drilling, Workovers, Completions, and
Recompletions

• New Well Drilling
• Tubing Repairs
• Restimulation
• Downhole pump failure
• Complete well to a new formation
• Scale in tubing

POTENTIAL GHG EMISSIONS Combustion of Diesel Fuel
on Rigs Transportation of Equipment to
Wellsite Well Completions Fracture
Stimulation Well Completions Venting
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Production Facility Wellsite Setups

• Setting tanks, separator, compressor, inlet
  scrubbers, line heaters, etc.
• Installing piping to connect various equipment
• Connecting meter station

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Production Facility Wellsite Setups

• Setting tanks, separator, compressor, inlet
  scrubbers, line heaters, etc.
• Installing piping to connect various equipment
• Connecting meter station
• Cathodic Well installation

POTENTIAL GHG EMISSIONS Equipment Purging CO2,
Methane Vehicle exhaust
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Production Operations

• Gas, oil, and/or condensate production
• Unloading wellbore fluids
• Crude Oil and Produced Water Transport
• Artificial Lift

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Production Operations
POTENTIAL GHG EMISSIONS Tank Emissions Flash of
Methane and CO2 Tank Truck Emissions CO2 Well
Emissions Fugitive losses Engine Exhaust
CO2 Heater Exhaust CO2 Well Venting Manual
and Automatic Pneumatic Controllers Methane and
CO2

• Gas, oil, and/or condensate production
• Unloading wellbore fluids
• Crude Oil and Produced Water Transport
• Artificial Lift

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Production Facility Satellite Facility Operations

• Centralized Tank Batteries.
• Compressor Stations or Central Delivery Points
• Saltwater Disposal Facilities

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Production Facility Satellite Facility Setups

• Centralized Tank Batteries.
• Compressor Stations or Central Delivery Points
• Saltwater Disposal Facilities
• Pig Launchers Catchers

POTENTIAL GHG EMISSIONS Tank emissions should
be minimal Engine Exhaust CO2 Heater Exhaust
CO2 Pigging Activities Methane and CO2
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Plugging and Abandonment

• Plug Wellbore
• Pull Facilities
• Recontour well pad
• Remove unneeded roads
• Revegetation

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Plugging and Abandonment

• Plug Wellbore
• Pull Facilities
• Recontour well pad
• Remove unneeded roads
• Revegetation

POTENTIAL GHG EMISSIONS Engine Exhaust CO2 Well
Venting should be minimal
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Gathering Systems

• Compressor Stations
• Engines
• Dehydration units
• Tanks
• Heaters
• Pig launcher/receivers
• Pipelines
• Pig launcher/receivers

POTENTIAL GHG EMISSIONS Tank emissions should
be minimal Engine Exhaust CO2 Heater Exhaust
CO2 Pigging Activities Methane and CO2 Pipeline
Leaks Methane and CO2
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Processing Plants

• Recovery of condensable natural gas liquids from
  conventional gas (i.e, butane, propane, etc.)
• Pumps, turbines, compressors, dehydrators, flare
  etc.

• POTENTIAL GHG EMISSIONS
• Tank emissions should be minimal
• Engine Exhaust CO2
• Heater Exhaust CO2
• Dehydration None if dessicant system Methane
  CO2 if glycol.
• Pipeline Leaks Methane and CO2
• Flare CO2

Turbines
Field Gas Compressor Stations
Compression
Liquids Recovery
Dehydration
To Distribution Line
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Treating Plants

• Removal of entrained CO2 from natural gas
• Compressors, dehydrators, heaters, etc.

POTENTIAL GHG EMISSIONS Direct CO2 venting
CO2 Tank emissions should be minimal Engine
Exhaust CO2 Heater Exhaust CO2 Pigging
Activities Methane and CO2
Natural Gas Treating Plant
Field Gas Compressor Stations
Compression
CO2 Removal
Dehydration
To Distribution Line
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GHG Reduction StrategiesUpstream

• Engine Strategies
• Heater Strategies
• Completion Strategies
• Venting Strategies
• Other Strategies

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Engine GHG Emission Reductions

• Optimization of horsepower

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Heater GHG Emission Reductions

• Insulation of vessels
• Pilotless firing units

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Completion GHG Emission Reductions

• Flaring vs Venting
• Green Completions

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Venting GHG Emission Reductions

• Low-bleed pneumatics
• Dehydrator optimization
• Plunger lift optimization
• Solar chemical pumps

No-bleed Pilots. The pneumatic controller can be
equipped with one of three types of no-bleed
pilots a snap pilot, throttling pilot, or
patented Envirosavefpilot.
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Other GHG Emission Reductions

• Produced Water Management
• Electrical motors where power has low carbon
  footprint
• Well Automation