Project Management - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Project Management

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Definition of Project. A project is a specific, finite task to be accomplished. Brief History ... DuPont and Remington Rand - Maintenance of Chemical Plant ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Project Management


1
Project Management
  • Ross L. Fink

2
Definition of Project
  • A project is a specific, finite task to be
    accomplished.

3
Brief History
  • Modern Project Management can be traced to the
    Manhattan project.
  • Early project management dealt with large complex
    projects or RD (weapons systems)
  • Today -- Project management is more important
    than ever.

4
Importance of Project Management Today
  • More customization in manufacturing
  • Shorter product life cycles
  • Use in service organizations
  • Nonprofit sector

5
Why Project Management?
  • Better control
  • Better customer relations
  • Shorter development time
  • Lower costs
  • Higher quality and reliability
  • Higher profits
  • Better interdepartmental coordination
  • Better worker morale

6
Characteristics of a Project
  • One-time focus
  • Specific purpose and desired results
  • Identifiable start and finish
  • Time fence (or due-date) for completion
  • Involvement of cross-functional work team
  • Limited set of resources
  • Logical sequence of events
  • A clear client (user, customer) of results

7
Project Management Tools
  • Major tools developed in the 1950s
  • PERT - Program Evaluation and Review Technique -
    Polaris Missile (NAVY)
  • CPM - Critical Path Method (CPM) - DuPont and
    Remington Rand - Maintenance of Chemical Plant

8
Project Performance Objectives
  • PCT Objectives
  • Good, Fast, Cheap

Performance
Time
Cost
9
Reason for Project Failures
  • Unrealistic expectations
  • Poor project leadership
  • Poor project planning

10
The Project Manager is Responsible to
  • Superiors
  • Team
  • Customer or Sponsor of project

11
A Project Manager Needs to
  • Communicate -
  • Importance of project
  • Role others play in project
  • Importance of their contribution
  • With customers
  • Understand project dimensions -
  • Technical
  • Cultural
  • Political

12
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
  • Breaks the Program (or Project) into smaller and
    smaller units of work. The following are common
    levels of work
  • Program
  • Project
  • Task
  • Subtask
  • Work Package

13
Why Use WBS
  • Provides a logical means of identifying the
    activities of a project
  • Provides structure to the project plan
  • Different levels of WBS can be used for control
    by different individuals

14
Types of WBS
  • Outcome (things)
  • Task
  • Task-outcome

15
WBS Procedure
  • Simply ask What will have to be done in order to
    _________
  • Dont worry about sequencing at this point

16
Stopping Rules For WBS
  • Level of detail is too great to be useful
  • Control to smallest time unit used for control
  • Typically, no more than 5 to 6 levels is
    appropriate
  • For large project, no more than 20

17
PERT Diagrams
  • PERT (or Network) diagrams showing the
    relationship between activities
  • There are more than one way of constructing these
    networks, we will use what is called
    activities-on-the-node (AON) or
    activities-in-the-box. This is the same as MS
    Project

18
PERT Diagram Notation
  • Box or circle (node) represents the activity
  • Arrow (arc) represents the relationship between
    activities

19
Example
Activity Immediate Predecessor
A --
B A
C A
D B,C
E C
20
PERT Diagram
21
Modeling Time
  • Simple model assumes times are deterministic
    (constant)
  • More elaborate models allow stochastic
    representation (most common being one that uses 3
    time estimates)

22
Example
23
Example - Maximum Time
  • Sequential
  • Sum of all task times
  • In our example 21 periods

24
Finding time
  • ES and EF go forward through PERT diagram (ES
    Time EF)
  • LS and LF go backwards through PERT diagram (LF -
    Time LS)
  • Slack is LS - ES or LF - EF

25
PERT Diagram
26
PERT Diagram with Times
27
Critical Path
  • A-C-E
  • Significance--critical path determines project
    completion time

28
Example in MS Project
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