XXV IUSSP International Population Conference

1
XXV IUSSP International Population Conference

• Indicators of integration theories behind
  cross-countries comparison
• Patrick Simon - INED
• European Population Day
• Round table 2
• Integration of immigrants in European countries

2
Measuring Integration

• Conceptual framework theories and analytical
  grid, but also political models
• Integration for whom ? Categorizations dilemma
• Integration to what ? The homogeneous national
  society fallacy
• A measure indicators and benchmarks

3
The convergence of policies of integration and
their assessment

• The search for  common basic principles on
  Integration  (from Tampere 1999 to The Hague
  2004)
• Building indicators to implement and assess
  public policies The European Civic
  Citizenship and Inclusion Index case study
• Collecting and producing data in a uniform way
  a challenge for the statistical traditions and
  the national philisophies of integration

4
Conceptual framework for the  modes of
incorporation 

• The assimilationnist perspective how to become
  a native ?
• Integration as mutual accommodation a core of
  values and norms, but specificities may remain
• Multiculturalism or pluralism
  majority-minorities relations
• Non-discrimination paradigm

5
Milton Gordons canonical model of assimilation

• Cultural or behavioural assimilation
• Structural assimilation, i.e. entrance into
  primary groups (interpersonal relations)
• Marital assimilation, i.e. increase in
  intermarriage. The outcome of marital intermixing
  is also called "amalgamation"
• Identificational assimilation, i.e. development
  of the sense of "peoplehood"
• Attitudinal assimilation, i.e. absence of
  prejudice from the settlement society
• Behavior receptional assimilation, i.e. absence
  of discrimination towards ethnic groups
• Civic assimilation, i.e. absence of value and
  power conflict.

6
Foreigners, Immigrants, Second generation and
ethnic minorities

• Regimes of citizenship determine the categories
  by which integration is conceived
• Naturalization as a benchmark for assimilation
• The legacy the rise of a second generation, i.e
  the native born of immigrant parentage
• Minorization old and new divisions in
  multicultural societies

7
National, local and the class contexts

• Integration to the nation abstract values,
  inner heterogeneity and conflicting norms
• Segregation, institutionnal arrangement and the
  local social order
• Segmented assimilation or the ethclass the
  ethnic cleavages in social classes

8
Indicators

• Processes the time dimension
• Strategies and determinism choices or
  constraints, structures of opportunities or of
  inequalities
• The great mix in-group and out-group relations,
  from the collective level (community) to the
  individual (intimacy, attitudes, belongings)
• Shifting boundaries, bluring divisions

9
Indicators (structural integration)

• Residential segregation (segregation or isolation
  indexes)
• Educationnal attainment and economic outcomes
• School drop out rates, clustering in specific
  trainings
• Discrepancies between qualifications and job
  positions
• Unemployment, split labor market, discriminations
  in salaries (wage gaps) and occupationnal
  mobility

10
Indicators (demographic)

• Behavioural shift ( traditional  vs  modern )
  age at marriage or partnership, type and size
  of families
• Intermarriage
• Health inequalities (infant mortality rates,
  specific cause of death, risk exposure )
• Attitudes

11
Indicators (Culture and Belongings)

• Cultural practices (music, newspapers, food,
  television, retailers, )
• Langage maintenance
• Relations with the  country of origin 
  remittances, transnational networks,
• Citizenship and civic participation
• Religious orientation

12
Methodological challenges

• How to analyse a relation by observing only one
  participant ?
• Make clear the conceptual framework to give the
  direction of the interpretation (being genuinely
  normative)
• To build the boundaries (through categories) to
  describe their movement