Denktank Energie

1
Rol van CO2-afvang en -opslag (CCS)
in internationaal klimaatbeleid Interessa
nte mogelijkheden voor Nederland
Denktank Energie Middelburggroep Hans van der
Loo, Head European Union Liaison Annemarie van
der Rest, Hoofd Health, Safety, Environment
2
(No Transcript)
3
(No Transcript)
4
Three Hard Truthssignal turbulent times ahead

• Global energy demand growth accelerating
• Easy oil gas supply will struggle to keep pace
• Flight into coal causes climate stresses makes
  dealing with CO2 imperative

5
4 key factors determine CO2 emissions

• CO2 emissions people
  GDP energy CO2
• person unit
  GDP unit energy
• Only four factors govern the outcome, being
• Population Number of people
• Standard of Living GDP per person
• Energy Intensity Energy per unit of GDP
  (efficiency of the economy)
• Carbon Intensity CO2 per unit of energy (energy
  source or degree of CCS)

X
X
x x x
6
Options for change enabling technologies
Reduce Emissions (CO2/unit energy)
A further shift to natural gas
Nuclear power
Renewables
Bio-products
CO2 capture and storage (CCS)
Reduce Demand Energy conservation efficiency
(energy/unit GDP)
Mass transportation
Road transport
Buildings
Low energy appliances
Doing things differently
7
TANIA There Are No Ideal Answers so
simultaneous actions needed
? Make Energy Efficiency top priority today AND ?
Develop sustainable, low CO2 alternatives AND
?Enable rapid deployment of CCS, to absorb the
Flight into Coal without the CO2 downside AND
? Fill EU Talent Pipeline for Innovation
8
The Energy Policy Triangle
Accessability (Economy/Cheap)
Efficiency
Availability
Acceptability (Environment / Clean)
(Energy Security / Convenient)
9
Very demanding reductions are called for

• Effective action requires
• Global emissions to fall by at least 50 relative
  to 1990 by 2050
• Global average per capita emissions that will
  as a matter of basic arithmetic need to be
  around 2 tonnes (T) by 2050 (20 GT divided by 9
  billion people) this figure is so low that there
  is little scope for any large group to depart
  significantly above or below it
• Agreement by developed countries to take on
  immediate and binding national targets of 20 to
  40 by 2020, and to commit to reductions of at
  least 80 by 2050
• Key Elements of a Global Deal
• Nicholas Stern

10
A 7 year delay in roll out of CCS could lead to
unnecessary emissions of between 90-100 GT
11
CCS can make a significant contribution
580
550 ppm
560
540
520
500
480
450 ppm
460
Atmospheric Concentration of CO2, ppm
440
420
400
387 ppm
Current level of atmospheric CO2
380
360
340
Historical atmospheric CO2 trajectory
320
300
280 ppm
280
Pre-industrial level of atmospheric CO2
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
12
CCS Technology Pathway Funding Today
100
80
60
Technology cost
40
CO2 price
20
Power generation without CCS
0
1
10
100
1000
Number of installations