India

1
India

• Struggles with Freedom

2
Remember?????

• What country imperialized India?
• Who fought for decades for Indian home rule?
• What two religious groups struggled to work
  together?
• What happened when India got its freedom?

3
Towards Independence

• Indian National Congress, Congress Party- pushing
  for home rule, was dominated by Hindus
• Muslim League- started by Ali Jinnah called for
  all Muslims to leave the Congress Party and said
  they would never accept Indian independence if it
  meant domination by the Hindu Congress Party.

4
Partition- Problem Solved???

• July 16, 1947 Britain granted independence to two
  different nations
• Pakistan- Muslim
• India- Hindu
• 10 million people relocated
• 1 million people died in the violence that
  occurred
• Gandhi killed in January 1948

5
Nehrus leadership

• One of Gandhis closest friends and followers
• Provided strong leadership for 17 years
• Wanted India and other new nations to be neutral
  in the cold war
• Pushed for industrialization and social reforms
  like equality for lower castes and women

6
Indira Gandhi

• In 1966 Indira was chosen Prime Minister when her
  father Nehru died
• She had to struggle with extremist Sikhs who
  wanted independence
• The Sikhs attacked Indian leadership
• In response the Indian govt attacked their
  religious center (the Golden Temple at Amritsar),
  500 Sikhs were killed
• In retaliation Indira was assassinated and her
  son Rajiv Gandhi took over as prime minister, he
  was killed by a bomb in 1991

7
Current Challenges

• Increasing population India is projected to be
  the most populace nation by the 2035
• Social inequality left over from the caste system
• Religious struggles between Hindus, Muslims,
  Sikhs
• Relationship with Pakistan, they are both nuclear
  countries

8
Pakistan

• In the beginning there were two different parts
• West Pakistan- smaller population but where the
  government is located
• East Pakistan- larger population but often
  ignored
• 1971 East Pakistan declared its independence and
  renamed itself Bangladesh
• Civil War Indian troops stepped in to help
  Bangladesh

9
Pakistan Political Instability

• When Jinnah died there was no strong leader to
  step in
• Pakistan has experienced a series of military
  coup bringing different military and civilian
  leaders to power
• Still struggles with
• Muslim militants
• Relationship with India
• Tension over the Kashmir area

10
Modern Bangladesh

• Struggles with creating a more democratic
  government partially because of economic and
  social issues
• Natural disasters have had a huge impact on
  Bangladesh
• 1876- 200,000 killed in cyclone
• 1970- 266,000 killed in cyclone
• 1991- 139,000 killed in cyclone
• Natural disasters and huge population growth
  means Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries
  in the world

11
Sri Lanka

• Gained independence from Britain in 1948
• Two main religious and social groups
• Sinhalese- Buddhists (larger group)
• Tamils- Hindu have organized military resistance
  for a separate nation
• 1987 Indian troops went in and were unsuccessful
  in disarming Tamils fighters
• Violence still exists today