AIDS

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AIDS

• AQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME

BY Omid Veiseh March, 7, 2003
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History

• 1981. The first case of AIDS was reported in the
  United States.
• In July 1982, Dr. James Curran, head of a CDC
  task force studying the disease, attended a
  meeting where the new epidemic received its
  official name.

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History continued

• In April 1984, the U.S. government announced that
  Dr. Robert Gallo of the National Institute for
  Health had succeeded in replicating the HIV
  virus, which would lead to the creation of an HIV
  blood test.
• 1987 Zidovudine (AZT), the first treatment for
  HIV, is launched.
• World AIDS Day, founded by the World Health
  Organization in 1988, focuses global attention on
  the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

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Statistics
As of the end of the June 2001, 793,026 AIDS
cases in the USA had been reported to the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC). Of these, 79 were men,
21 were women and 1 were
children less than 13 years of age 41 were in
whites, 38 in blacks,
20 in Hispanics, lt1 in Asians
and Pacific Islanders, and lt1 in
American Indians and Alaska Natives 46 were
in men who have sex with men (MSM),
25 in injecting drug users, 11 in
persons infected heterosexually, and 1 in
persons infected through blood or blood
products.
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Death rates of the leading causes of death in
persons 25-44 in the united states.
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Global AIDS Pandemic. Estimates based on December
2000 data.
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AIDS in Africa

• Africa is home to 70 of the adults and 80 of
  the children living with HIV in the world.
• AIDS deaths totaled 3 million globally in 2001,
  and of the global total 2.2 million AIDS deaths
  occurred in Africa.
• In Botswana a shocking 38.8 of adults are now
  infected with HIV
• In South Africa 20.1 of adults are infected with
  HIV. With a total of 5 million infected people,
  South Africa has the largest number of people
  living with HIV/AIDS in the world.
• Researchers estimate that an Aid package of 1.5
  billion US dollars a year is needed to implement
  HIV prevention programs.

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Causative Agent

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Currently two types of the virus have been
  identified
• HIV-1
• HIV-2
• Because of the high mutation rate of the virus a
  large number of subtypes exist.
• Rate of replication as high as 109 virus per day

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HIV-1 Structure
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HIV-1 Life Cycle
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HIV-1 Life Cycle
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Course of Infection

• Acute Phase
• Viral RNA is detectable in blood serum.
• Chronic Phase
• Antibodies against HIV-1 proteins develop in
  blood serum usually 3 month after infection.
• AIDS
• Diminished numbers of CD4 T cells
  (lt200cells/mm3).
• Occurrence of opportunistic infections.
• Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

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Treatments for infected individuals

• Reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
• Drugs that interfere with reverse transcription
  of RNA to cDNA.
• Viral protease inhibitors.
• Drugs that block cleavage of viral proteins into
  the needed units for construction of new viruses.

http//www.hopkins-aids.edu/hiv_lifecycle/hivcycle
_txt.html
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Vaccine to Protect Against Infection
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