IST 220 Intro to Databases

1
IST 220 Intro to Databases

• Lecture 1
• An Overview

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Course Objectives

• In this course, we will learn
• Fundamentals of (relational) database
• Several widely used database systems
• DB design and implementation
• Developing simple DB applications

3
Textbook

• Exploring Microsoft Access 2002
• Grauer Barber
• Prentice Hall
• Features
• A good introduction to Access components and
  features
• Demonstrating database design and implementation
  in a step-by-step setting
• Introducing how to build interactive DB
  applications using macros and VBA modules

4
The Approach

• Learn relational database through practices
• Getting started with MS Access
• Convenient templates for DB design and
  implementation
• Easy-to-use tools
• Extended functionalities
• Widely used in various applications
• Getting exposed to SQL with Oracle
• universal standard query language
• Industry strength RDBMS

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Major Topics

• Introductions to RDBMS and MS Access
• DB building blocks
• Tables data storage
• Queries data retrieval and manipulation
  (insert, delete, update)
• Forms and reports user interfaces for
  displaying data/info
• Data modeling RDB design (steps and rules)
• Application development using switchboards, as
  well as macros VBA modules
• SQL (using Oracle)

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Class Plan Grade Breakdown

• Quizzes (5 at 20 points each) 100 points
• Midterms (2 at 100 points each) 200 points
• Final 150 points
• Homework Assignments 150 points
• In-class Labs 200 points
• Projects and Presentation 200 points

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What Is a Database?

• To answer this question, we will discuss the
  following related concepts
• Data
• Information
• Database
• Relational database
• Database management system
• Database applications

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Data

• Definition by Merriam-Websters
• factual information (as measurements or
  statistics) used as a basis for reasoning,
  discussion, or calculation
• Raw data
• Raw data (pieces of information) may not be so
  helpful without proper manipulation

Data is the set of static value you store in the
tables of the database (You store data.)
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Information

• Information is
• Derived from raw data
• Specially prepared for certain audiences
• Before useful information can be obtained
• Data needs to be defined and stored in a highly
  organized manner
• Data should be easy to add into and retrieve from
  a database

Information is data that is retrieved and
organized in a way that is meaningful to the
person viewing it. (You retrieve information.)
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Database

• A database is a collection of related raw data
  that is well-defined and organized.
• Usually with data for several subjects (entities)
  within a certain application (domain)
• Teams
• Players
• Games
• Scores and technical statistics
• In a relational database, data are stored in
  tables each of which is designated for a specific
  subject

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Example Hawks Roster
Row (or record)
Column (or field)
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A 100-Year-Old Example
Banked for Hara Talbot
Aug 13 Adah Talbot ½ day in the afternoon 0.50
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Database Management System

• A DBMS is a software system which takes care of
• Data definition
• Data storage and retrieval
• Data manipulation
• Insertion
• Modification
• Deletion
• Other functions, such as reporting
• By using a DBMS, applications programmer can
  focus on business logic

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File-Processing Systems
X
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File-Processing Systems

• Records are stored in separate files
• Drawbacks
• Separated and isolated data
• Data duplication
• Application program dependency
• Read from the product file for 20 bytes starting
  from location 1234, from the customer file ...
• The difficulty of synchronize data changes
• The difficulty of representing data in the users
  perspectives

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Why DBMS?
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Database Systems

• DB technology was developed largely to overcome
  the limitations of file systems
• Advantages
• Integrated data
• Reduced data duplication
• Program/data independence
• SELECT ProductName FROM Product WHERE
  ProductId P010
• Easier to update
• Easier representation of the users views

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Relational Databases

• The term relational is used because
• In RDB, data are stored in tables.
• Each table is a mathematical relation on a number
  of sets
• Tables are related in a similar way

Aug 13 Adah Talbot ½ day in the afternoon 0.50
Month Jan, , Dec Day 1, 2, , 31 Worker
Time worked Wage
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RDBMS Capabilities

• Data definition
• Attributes columns of your tables
• Data types date, text, numeric, money, etc
• Relationships among data in different tables
• Data manipulation
• Data control permission to use data
• Fans can read statistics on website
• The Hawks manager can add, remove, and modify
  player records

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Data Definition

• A database is self-describing
• Metadata data used to define user data
• or data about data

Aug 13 Adah Talbot ½ day in the afternoon 0.50
Month Day Worker Time worked Wage
Text Number Text Text Money
Jan, , Dec 1, 2, , 31
Data type
Valid range
Field name
Metadata, or schema
User data
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Example Data Definition in Access
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Example Relationship in Access
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Components of DB Systems
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DB Users

• Types of Users
• End users (naïve users)
• Limited access to data, through forms or reports
• Application developers
• Use programming languages w/ DB accessibility
• Sophisticated users
• Use query languages and tools
• Specialized users
• Write special applications, such CAD, GIS, etc

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DB Administrators

• DBA is the central control over the system
• DBA functions include
• Schema definition and modification
• Storage structure definition
• Granting authorization for data access
• Read only
• Change (add and/or modify)
• Create tables and modify schema
• Routine maintenance

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Uses of DBMS

• A significant amount of related data
• Data about different subjects
• Multiple uses of these data
• Data used by multiple users
• Changes to data should be synchronized
• Accesses to data must be controlled

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Sample DB Applications

• In a local area network

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Sample DB Applications

• In a wide area network or over the Internet

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Characteristics of Types of DBs