Title: e-Government and e-Governance
1e-Governmentande-Governance
- Phet Sayo
- Programme Specialist
- phet_at_apdip.net
2ICT IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENTPOTENTIAL OF ICT THE
PROMISE?
- Inclusion overcoming barriers of social,
economic and geographical isolation - Access - Increase access to information and
education - Provide opportunity to meet vital development
goals such as poverty reduction, basic
healthcare, and education. - Potential of expanded economic growth,
dramatically improved welfare, and stronger forms
of democratic government. - Source UNDP Human Development Report 2001
3ASIAN ICT STRATEGIESSNAPSHOT OF ICT STRATEGIES
BY GOVERNMENTS IN ASIA-PACIFIC REGION
Each nation has enacted a programme to help bring
their economies into the information age but with
varying approaches and degree of direct
involvement
- Singapore Infocomm 21 Master Plan
- Indonesia ICT Policy Framework Action Plan
- Malaysia National IT Agenda
- India IT Action Plan (IT for ALL by 2008)
- Korea Cyber Korea 21
- Hong Kong Digital 21 Strategy
- Philippines IT21
- Thailand IT2010
- Japan e-Japan Strategy
4ASIAN ICT STRATEGIESMAJOR COMPONENTS OF ASIAN
STRATEGIES
5Roles of National Government in an Information
Society
- Determine the polices and regulatory structures
- Deliver the programs and services of government
to the citizen - Use the information infrastructures to enhance
the internal administrative practices - Interface with citizens in the democratic process
of government
Source UNPAN
6e-Governancevse-Government(Definitions)
7e-GOVERNANCEDEFINITION
E-governance is defined as the transformation of
(governance) processes (resulting from) the
continual and exponential introduction into
society of more advanced digital technologies.
E-governance focuses on how these new
technologies can be used to strengthen the
public's voice as a force to reshape the
democratic processes, and refocus the management,
structure, and oversight of government to better
serve the public interest. Source The National
Academy of Public Administration (USA)
8e-GOVERNANCEOUTCOMES
- New concepts of citizenship, in terms of needs
and responsibilities allowing citizens to
communicate with government - Participating in the governments policy and
decision-making processes - Mobilizing resources
- Gauging responses to decisions
- Meeting the true needs and welfare of the
citizens - Enables new opportunities for development of new
concepts of citizenship, rules for organizing,
and regulating the democratic process
9e-GOVERNANCEPRINCIPLES
- New forms of governance rely on better
information, consultation, and public
participation as key elements for engaging
citizens in policy-making, thereby tapping new
sources of ideas, information, and resources when
making decisions. - Criteria for good governance universally accepted
to be fully applied within each and every sphere
of government and governance include - Transparency and Openness
- Participation
- Accountability
- Effectiveness
- Coherence
- Regulatory frameworks
10e-GOVERNMENTDEFINITION
Defined broadly, e-government is the use of ICT
to promote more efficient and effective
government, facilitate more accessible government
services, allow greater public access to
information, and make government more accountable
to citizens. e-Government might involve
delivering services via the Internet, telephone,
community centers (self-service or facilitated by
others), wireless devices or other communications
systems. Source Roadmap for e-Government in the
Development World www.pacificcouncil.org/pdfs/e-go
v.paper.f.pdf
11Principles of e-Government
- Build services around citizens choices
- Make government and its services more accessible
- Facilitate social inclusion
- Provide information responsibly
- Use government resources effectively and
efficiently
Source UK Government White Paper
12e-GOVERNMENT10 QUESTIONS
Source Roadmap for e-Government in the
Development World www.pacificcouncil.org/pdfs/e-go
v.paper.f.pdf
- Why are we pursuing e-government?
- Do we have a clear vision and priorities for
e-government? - What kind of e-government are we ready for?
- Is there enough political will to lead the
e-government effort? - Are we selecting e-government projects in the
best way? - How should we plan and manage e-government
projects? - How will we overcome resistance from within the
government? - How will we measure and communicate progress?
How will we know if we are failing? - What should our relationship be with the private
sector? - How can e-government improve citizen
participation in public affairs?
13e-GOVERNMENTREADINESS
Source Roadmap for e-Government in the
Development World www.pacificcouncil.org/pdfs/e-go
v.paper.f.pdf
- Readiness for e-government is not only a
governmental issue - Readiness starts with political will
- Readiness also rests on information policy
- Other key factors for readiness
- Telecommunications Infrastructure
- Current connectivity and ICT usage by government
- Human capacity with government
- Existing and expected budgetary resources
- E-business climate
- Officials readiness to change
14e-Government Services
15e-GOVERNMENT FRAMEWORKARCHITECTURE
Source Building e-Governance for Development
16e-Government Strategy
- The organizations definition of e-government
that includes key areas to be addressed and
identification of all customers - A vision that is easily understood and succinctly
expresses the plans and concepts - Specific goals and objectives that can be
monitored and measured - Identification of policies necessary to support
e-government - A process for identifying and prioritizing
e-government initiatives - A business model to sustain e-government
initiatives
17Success/Failure Factors
18The Stages of e-Government Development
- Stage 1 Emerging web presence
- Stage 2 Enhanced web presence
- Stage 3 Interactive web presence
- Stage 4 Transactional web presence
- Stage 5 Seamless or fully integrated web presence
19Online Profile(UN Member Countries)
- Government website Presence (169)
- National Government website (84)
- Single Entry Portal (36)
- Sub-national government website (84)
- Online transaction capacity (17)
20Government Portals
21Gauging e-Government Capacity
- Web Presence
- ICT Infrastructure
- Human Capital Measures
22Public-Private Partnership(PPP)
23Benefits of PPP for the Government
- Private Sector Expertise
- Lower Public Expending
- Allow Private Sector absorb risks by outsourcing
development - Private Sector more up-to-date with technology
24Benefits of PPP for e-Gov
- Benefits of PPP for EG Three sets of
stakeholders benefit from the - Public Private Partnership model applied to
e-Government. - Benefits to Government
- Minimizing financial outgo
- Better liquidity
- Protection against technology obsolescence
- Speedier implementation of e-Government projects
- Efficiencies in management
- Better image
- Benefits to Citizen/Business
- Easy access to services
- Single window/one-stop shop
- 24x7 convenience
- Flexibility in the choice of access methods and
devices - Saving of indirect cost and hardship
- Benefits to private sector partners
- Reliable streams of revenue
- Low risk
- Creation of employment in the development,
25Pre-Requisites to PPP
- There is an identifiable commercial opportunity.
- The whole life construction and or operational
cost of the project can be reduced by private
sector involvement, and efficiency savings can be
shared with the government. - There will be a strong and reliable revenue
stream throughout the life of the project. - The government does not have to own or operate
the infrastructure. - The private sector is able to provide the project
or service in accordance with government
strategic plan requirements. - The private sector has the latest technology and
best management practices available for use on
the project. - The governments capital funding requirement for
the project will be reduced.
26Private Sector Expertise Lessons for the Public
Sector
- Fully integrated value chains suppliers and
customers - Using the Internet to
- Reduce costs
- Improve quality
- Expand markets
- Share benefits
- Resulting in
- Customized service and products
- Competitive pricing
- Streamlined operations (down to the core)
- Better inventory management (Just-in-time
inventory systems)
27Public Sector versus Private Adoption of ICT
- Incentives for Private Sector
- Efficiencies
- Savings and profits
- Quality service and productivity
- Obstacles to the Public Sector
- High costs due to scale of Government
- Rigid regulations and old habits
- Lack of inter- and intra-agency information
sharing - High bureaucracy and complex procedures
- Security and data protection issues
- Lack of human capacity training
28Win-Win Public-Private Partnerships
- Cooperation to produce a commercially viable
solution which results in a cost-effective
outcome for government and the community. - A transparent process that will withstand public
scrutiny. - A competitive proposal process to share risks and
rewards equitably. - Proposal requirements that permit proposals to be
prepared at a reasonable cost. - Consistent integration with governments
strategic plan.
29Forms of PPP
- Concession Contracts
- BOO
- BOOT (Build-Own-Operate-Transfer)
- BOT
- Joint Ventures
- Private Finance Initiatives (PFI)
30eGovernment Model Malaysia
31Malaysia
- Inter-Government
- Customs modernization and trade links
- e-passport/visa
- Smartcards
- Project Monitoring System (PMS) integrated and
inter-agency - Services to citizens and businesses
- Government licensing/registration processes
- Electronic bidding and procurement
- Health services
- Utility Bill and Tax payment
- Public-Private Partnership
- Competitive bidding and implementation of
flagship eGovernment projects - Using eGovernment as a platform to stimulate ICT
industry
32Malaysia Incorporated (INC.)
- The public and private sectors become partners,
shareholders and workers within the same
corporation The Nation - The corporation will only prosper if its
commercial and economic arm (the private sector)
does its best to promote such things as
production, marketing and sales, while optimizing
the returns of investment. - The service arm (the public sector) will provide
all the support needed.
33e-GOVERNANCE IN INDIAINITIATIVES COMMUNITY LEVEL
- Developing Communities The Gyandoot Example
- The Gyandoot project set up 31 Internet-connected
kiosks in villages in a district of central
India, where 60 of the population live below the
poverty line (earning less than US1 per day). - Each kiosk was initially funded by the local
government committee. - It is run by a local young entrepeneur along
business lines fee are charged for the service
provided. - Government-related services included
- Online application for government certificates
- Online filing complaints
- Printing of land records
- Access to information on government welfare
schemes
Source Gyandoot Community-Owned Rural Internet
Kiosks
34e-GOVERNMENT IN INDIAINITIATIVES COMMUNITY LEVEL
- Increased Productivity The Warana Wired
Village Example - 54 Kiosks connected through wireless telephony to
the Central Administrative Building - Project aimed at increasing efficiency and
productivity of the sugar cane cooperative - Providing 70 villages access to information, in
local language, about - crops and agricultural market prices
- employment schemes from the state government
- educational opportunities
- Facilitates payment, from Warana Group of
Cooperatives (WGC) to farmers - Results
- Better inventory management
- US 750,000 savings to cooperative
Source Gyandoot www.egov4dev.org/warana.htm
35e-GOVERNANCE IN INDIAINITIATIVES MUNICIPAL LEVEL
- Citizen Services The E-Hyderabad Example
- An initiative by the Municipal Corporation of
Hyderabad to provide services to the community. - First municipal country to give WAP connectivity
for mobile users to access services. - Renewals collected via portal totaled 4.2 crores.
- Services offered are
- Birth and death certificate
- Building permission
- Trade licenses
- Property tax payments
- Advertisement fee
- Market and complex rents
- Information of ongoing works
- Public participation via opinion polls and
discussion forums
36e-GOVERNANCE IN INDIAINITIATIVES STATE LEVEL
Source World Bank
- Online Delivery of Land Titles The Bhoomi
Example - The Department of Revenue in Karnataka has
computerized 20 million records of land ownership
of 6.7 million farmers in the state. - Previously, farmers had to seek out the Village
Accountant to get a copy of the Record of Rights,
Tenancy and Crops (RTC) - For a fee of Rs.15, a printed copy of the RTC can
be obtained online at computerized land record
kiosks (Bhoomi centers). - The system generates various types of reports on
land ownership by size, type of soil, crops,
owner's sex, etc., - Banks and other lending institutions could be
provided electronic access to the database for
processing requests for crop loans, and conduct
some advance planning on the quantum of lending
required. - High court, district and taluk courts could
access the database for resolving legal disputes
surrounding land. - The system could also lead to better
administration of Land Reforms Act
37e-GOVERNANCE IN INDIAINITIATIVES STATE LEVEL
Source World Bank
- CARD Project The Andhra Pradesh Example
- Impacted 10 mil citizens in 3 years
- Documents registered (2.8 million)
- Title Searches made (1.4 million)
- Transparent system of valuation of property
- Efficient document management system
- Estimated saving of 70 mil man hours of citizen
time valued at US 35 mil (investment in CARD
US 6 mil)
38e-GOVERNANCE IN INDIAINITIATIVES NATIONAL LEVEL
- Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
- Ministry of Textiles
- Ministry of Chemicals And Fertilizers
- Ministry of Civil Aviation
- Ministry of Environment Forests
- Ministry of Finance
- Ministry of Labour
- Ministry of Tourism
- Ministry of Communication
- Ministry of External Affairs
- Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
- Ministry of Power
- Ministry of Surface transport
- Ministry of Science Technology
39e-GOVERNANCE IN INDIACOMMON AREAS OF
e-GOVERNANCE FAILURES
Numerous reasons abound on the death of an
e-governance initiative. The common ones are as
follows
- Pilot Project Failure
- Replication/ Implementation Failure
- Usage Failure
- Technical Failure
- Funding Failure
- Design and Concept Failure
- Lack of holistic planning vertical and
horizontal integration (SETU case)
40eSeva in Andhra Pradesh PPP BOOT Model
- 17 Service centres with 200 counters in Hyderabad
- Implemented using PPP 5 year BOOT model
- Private partner paid by the Government
department/ agency - 8 US Cents per transaction
41eSeva in Andhra Pradesh PPP BOOT Model
- 30 Government to Citizen Services
- Utility, water, and telephone payments
- Tax payment
- Ticket Reservations
- Passport application
- Birth/ death registration
- Cash/Cheque/Credit card payments
42ICT Integrated Solution for Local Government
Pilot Project Indonesia
- Smartcard Driven, mulit-sectoral involvement (May
20, 2002) - 3 Main Components
- e-Public Services
- e-Learning
- e-Business
43APDIP and e-Government
- ASEAN e-Government Seminar Series
- e-Primers (including eGovernment) in
collaboration with e-ASEAN Task Force - Asia-Pacific e-Government Portal
- Advisory services to Governments through UNDP
Country Officers
44Links
- Asia-Pacific e-Government Portalwww.egovaspac.org
- United Nations Online Network in Public
Administration and Finance (UNPAN)www.unpan.org/e
government.asp - Development Gateway
- www.developmentgateway.org/e-government
- e-Government for Development
- www.egov4dev.org
45Thank You
- Phet Sayo
- phet_at_apdip.net