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Nonverbal communication

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Facial expressions, tone, gestures, posture, eye gaze and touch. Facial ... Also placed one happy/neutral face in a sea of the other facial expressions ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Nonverbal communication


1
Non-verbal communication
  • Nv com how we communicate intentionally or not
    without words
  • Facial expressions, tone, gestures, posture, eye
    gaze and touch

2
Facial Expressions as Universal
  • For 6 major emotional expressions, they are
    anger, happiness, surprise, fear, disgust,
    sadness
  • May be as many as 10 love, peace,
    shame-embarassment, heroism

3
Detecting Anger
  • Placed one angry face in a sea of happy or
    neutral faces
  • Also placed one happy/neutral face in a sea of
    the other facial expressions
  • Participants were asked to find the discrepant
    face in the crowd

4
Display Rules
  • Children in the U.S. taught to hide their
    emotions, particularly negative emotions
  • So are men (no crying, no grief)

5
Culture differences
  • Spatial distance (closer in Arab countries)
  • Eye gaze

6
Lying
  • Although women better at decoding/encoding
  • Men better at lie detection
  • Women may politely ignore deception

7
In the beginning
  • We start lying at about age 3 but are poor at it
  • Deception really begins at 5
  • Prior to that, have difficulty deceiving people

8
Small gender differences in good liars
  • Girls lie by omission more often
  • Boys by commission (distort information)
  • At this pt, boys more successful liars

9
Rapid escalation
  • How often do adults lie?
  • At least one lie a day
  • One lie in every 5 social encounters
  • Lie to at least 30 of the people in our lives

10
Relationships
  • Highest rate of lying is to strangers
  • Lowest to best friends
  • Lie a bit more to romantic partners
  • Spouses lowest rate 1 lie in 10 transactions

11
Romantic partners
  • May lie to protect relationship (e.g. about
    infidelity)
  • Also tell more altruistic lies (e.g. you dont
    look fat in that dress).

12
Are some people better at detection?
  • Yes, professionally trained police detectives
  • But not cops in general
  • Clinicians who look for lies
  • But not clinicians in general

13
Detection
  • Few agreed upon cues
  • Agreed that it is idiosyncratic
  • That is, depends on person to a large extent

14
Verbal Behavior
  • Truthful subjects respond directly liars answer
    evasively.
  • Ex when did you last see Ms.X?

15
Deceptive people also say
  • If my memory is correct
  • As far as I know
  • At this point in time
  • To the best of my knowledge
  • Etc.
  • QUALIFIERS

16
Alibi statement
  • Answer includes an alibi as well as a deniallie
  • Ex. I know I didnt do it because I was in the
    library.

17
Final verbal clue
  • Truth tellers use contractions
  • Liars do not
  • EX. I did not have sex with that woman.

18
Paralinguistic behavior
  • Response Latency

19
Responses
  • Longer answerstruth
  • Shorter answerslying
  • More grammatical errors, less fluent speechlying
  • Higher pitched voicelying

20
Visual clues
  • Rapid blinking
  • Dilated eyes
  • Lack of eye contact

21
Gestures
  • Hair grooming-often lying
  • Lint picking-always lying (opinion of LM)

22
Hand Gestures
  • Moving away from the body, usually telling the
    truth
  • Steepling, chest thumping, fairly clear truth
    telling gestures

23
Change in posture
  • If at key question, probably lie
  • Hand coming in contact with face-lie (may cover
    lips, eyes)

24
Anger after accusation
  • Goes away fairly quickly if lying
  • Does not fade if telling the truth
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