Thematic workshop NewEmerging technologies: UAV

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Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologiesUAV

• Tony Fazio
• Federal Aviation Administration
• Yves Morier
• European Aviation Safety Agency

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Contents of the presentation

• Description of UAV system
• Definitions
• UAV a complete new Aviation
• Many initiatives worldwide
• Scenarios
• Use with operational restrictions
• Use into normal airspace/airports
• Consequences
• Aviation safety regulation
• Relations between Authorities and Industry
• International relations
• Lets launch the debate!

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Description of the UAV system

• Definitions
• UAV System
• A UAV System comprises individual UAV System
  elements consisting of the flight vehicle (UAV),
  the Control Station and any other UAV System
  Elements necessary to enable flight, such as a
  Communication link and Launch and Recovery
  Element. There may be multiple UAVs, Control
  Stations, or Launch and Recovery Elements within
  a UAV System.
• UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle, Unmanned Aerial
  Vehicle)
• An aircraft which is designed to operate with no
  human pilot onboard.

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Description of the UAV system

• UAV a complete new Aviation
• Technologies
• Fixed-wing rotorcraft, airships
• Unusual configurations
• Propulsion system piston engine, turbine engine,
  electric propulsion.
• Control systems line of sight, autonomous
• Size
• From micro-UAV (100 grams) to High Altitude Long
  Endurance UAV ( 10000 Kilograms)
• Possible operations
• From crop-spraying to surrogate satellites
  through fire-fighting operations
• long, dull and dangerous kind of use

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Description of the UAV system

• UAV a complete new Aviation
• Civil/military
• Many UAV were developed with dual use in mind
• UAV designers/manufacturers
• Well established aircraft manufacturers but also
  small and medium enterprises!
• Many State of Design

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Examples of Current Vehicles
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Many initiatives worldwide

• Some examples
• In the USA
• Flights under Certificate of Authorization
• FAA Working Group
• Access 5 File a flight plan and fly by 2008
• 3 Standardisation bodies RTCA SAE ASTM
• RTCA Special Committee 203
• Application for Experimental Airworthiness
  Certificate

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Many initiatives worldwide

• Some examples
• In Europe European level
• EUROCONTROL (Military UAV-OAT Task Force and new
  task-force for integration of civil and military
  UAV in the airspace)
• EASA (A-NPA proposing a policy for TC basis)
• JAA/EUROCONTROL (Concept of regulation)
• EU Research programmes (e.g. USICO for
  airworthiness and operations requirements
  UAV-Net)

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Many initiatives worldwide

• Some examples
• In Europe
• Member States
• Sweden (Total system approach),
• France (Military Authorities certification code
  based (USAR) on CS-23)
• UK CAP 722
• Standardisation bodies EUROCAE is considering to
  set-up a working group.
• Not only institutions Industry efforts (UVS-
  International Industry Consultative Body)

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Many initiatives worldwide

• Some examples
• International
• NATO FINAS two working groups to address UAV
  airworthiness and certification.

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Many initiatives worldwide

• Some examples
• Other countries
• Australia has adopted CASR (Civil Aviation Safety
  Regulations) Part 101 Unmanned aircraft and
  rocket operations.

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Scenarios (I)

• Use with operational restrictions
• Limited development of UAV
• Operations in restricted airspace and over
  non-populated areas.
• Possible reasons
• Lack of appropriate regulations
• Lack of public acceptance
• Insurance premiums
• Increased security measures

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Scenarios (II)

• Use into normal airspace/airports
• Full use of UAV systems potential not only
  limited to aerial work but with the possibility
  of transporting cargo.
• Context is likely to be an Integrated Air Ground
  Space System (Networked system)
• Some pointers
• The objective of ACCESS 5 is to allow the use of
  UAV above Flight level 180 in 2008
• Several studies (Korean UAV roadmap, EU research
  programme USICO) envisage global market for High
  Altitude Long Endurance UAV after 2010
• ACARE research agenda envisage that in 2020 the
  technology for autonomous flight control systems
  for freighter operations will have reached a
  medium level of maturity

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Scenarios (III)

• Which scenario?
• Scenario II is chosen as most likely
• Why?
• Reflect technological development
• Technology exists
• Means that it will be used
• Other views
• Are welcome on the most likely scenario.

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Consequences

• Aviation Safety Regulation
• Need for a total system approach to address
  increasing complexity and number of interfaces
• Use of tailored manned aircraft codes
  complemented by Special Conditions is a first
  step.
• Integration Air-ground
• Multiple technologies operations
• Flexibility
• Need for a full risk assessment of UAV
  operations
• Public and political acceptance
• This should include security risks
• Need for cooperation between Authorities,
  International organisations, Industry, Research
  Institutes and Academia

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Consequences

• Relations between Authorities and Industry
• Increased use of regulations based on essential
  requirements and safety management systems
• See previous slide
• In line with EU new and global approach
• Increased use of standardisation bodies to
  develop appropriate standards
• Has already started today (See ASTM, SAE, RTCA,
  EUROCAE activities)

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Consequences

• International relations
• Increased need for bilateral agreements
• Many countries are likely to design and produce
  UAV
• Resolution of issues related to transfer of
  control during a flight
• Long range flights may lead to transfer from
  control station to control station
• Chicago Convention
• Article 8 of the Convention may need to be
  re-discussed
• Some ICAO annexes may need to be revised.
• Other International Conventions such as Montreal
  1999, Rome, Tokyo

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Lets launch the debate

• UAV has a lot of potential for Civil use
• Aerial work for sure but may be Commercial Air
  Transportation
• Present situation could be compared to the one of
  Aviation in 1920-1930
• Military operations quite well established
• Civil operations just starting
• First long range flights performed
• Oblige to think as an integrated Air-ground
  system
• New challenge to us all

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• THANK YOU FOR YOUR
• ATTENTION.